Epidemiology of Typhoid Carriers among Blood Donors and Patients with Biliary, Gastrointestinal and Other Related Diseases

Abstract

Enteric fever due to Salmonella Typhi is a major public health problem. Typhoid carriers have high titres of Vi agglutinins in their sera. We worked out the baseline data for Vi agglutinins from 705 healthy blood donors (controls) by ELISA and compared it with 446 patients with biliary, gastrointestinal and other related diseases (cases). The samples were divided into five groups based on the disease condition of the patients from whom they were collected. Group A (n = 196) consisted of patients with stones in the gall bladder/common bile duct and Group B (n=27) with gall bladder carcinoma. Group C (n=33) comprised patients with carcinoma of the pancreas/ampulla, obstructive jaundice and/or cholangiocarcinoma. Group D (n = 112) had patients with acute/chronic pancreatitis, abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction, peritonitis, carcinoma oesophagus, chronic diarrhoea, gastrointestinal bleeding and dyspepsia. Group E (n=78) included patients with miscellaneous diseases. The mean absorbance value obtained for healthy subjects +3 standard deviations was taken as the cut‐off value for a positive typhoid carrier. In Group A, 10.2% samples were positive; in Group B, 7.4%; in Group C, 12.0%; in Group D, 9.8% and in Group E, 9.0%. There was a highly significant (P<0.001) increase in the presence of Vi agglutinins in the cases compared to the controls. High prevalence of typhoid carriers occurs in patients with biliary, gastrointestinal and other related diseases. Vi serology employing highly purified Vi antigen offers a practical and cost‐effective way of screening for S. Typhi carriers.

The Microbiological and Clinical Characteristics of Invasive Salmonella in Gallbladders from Cholecystectomy Patients in Kathmandu, Nepal

“…Sterility is partially maintained by the secretion of IgA and mucus, preventing bacterial survival and adhesion to the surface of the lumen and the major bile duct, respectively [15]. Here, we found a wide array of organisms in the bile of individuals undergoing cholecystectomy, some of which have been previously isolated from the gallbladder [16]–[18]. Again, whether these organisms functionally stimulate cholecystitis or cholelithiasis, or merely have the ability to colonize damaged gallbladders, remains unclear.…”

Salmonella chronic carriage: epidemiology, diagnosis, and gallbladder persistence

“…Additionally, potential risk factors may be confounded by the fraction of the population with gallbladder abnormalities [37]. For instance, the risk of becoming a chronic carrier following an acute infection increases with age, is greater for women than for men, and is particularly associated with cholelithiasis and cholecystitis [10, 38]. …”

Evaluation of Methylobacterium radiotolerance and Sphyngomonas yanoikoaie in Sentinel Lymph Nodes of Breast Cancer Cases

“…Some species of bacteria, like salmonella typhi is in association with gall bladder cancer (Vaishnavi et al, 2005), streptococcus bovis and colon cancer , and chlamydia pneumonia reported with lung cancer (Kuper et al, 2000).…”