Epidemiology of breast cancer

Key, Timothy J.; Verkasalo, Pia K.; Banks, Emily

doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(00)00254-0

Cited by 901 publications

(697 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…[24]. About half of breast cancer cases can be explained by known risk factors related to the reproductive life, inheritance and socioeconomic status [25,26]. The rest part of the cases could have an environmental etiology [27,28] with Cd representing one of environmental risk factors.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium concentration in biological media of breast cancer patients

Strumylaitė

Boguševičius

Abdrachmanovas

et al. 2010

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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The study aimed to determine and compare cadmium (Cd) concentration in different biological media of breast cancer and benign breast tumor patients. Methods Concentration of Cd was determined in breast tissue, urine and blood of 57 breast cancer and 51 benign tumor patients. Two samples of breast tissue from each patient, i.e. tumor and healthy tissue were taken for the analysis. Cd in biological media was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (Perkin-Elmer, Zeeman 3030). Results The mean Cd concentration in breast cancer patients was 0.053 µg/g (95% CI=0.042-0.065) for tumor sample and 0.02 µg/g (95% CI=0.014-0.026) for healthy breast tissue sample (p<0.001). In benign tumor patients the figures were following: 0.037 µg/g (95% CI=0.023-0.051) and 0.032 µg/g (95% CI=0.018-0.047) (p>0.05). Cd content in malignant tumor significantly differed from that in benign tumor (p<0.01). Cancer patients with positive estrogenreceptors had significantly greater concentration of breast tissue Cd compared to patients with negative estrogenreceptors (p=0.035). Adjusted for creatinine Cd in urine was significantly higher in cancer patients than in controls (p<0.001). In cancer patients a positive Spearman's correlation was found between Cd in tumor and healthy breast tissue, blood (r=0.44 and r=0.39, respectively, p<0.01). Correlation between Cd in urine of cancer patients and number of cigarettes smoked during lifetime was suggestive (r=0.59, p=0.075). Conclusion The data obtained show higher concentration of cadmium in breast tumor and urine of cancer patients and support a possible relationship between cadmium and breast cancer.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium concentration in biological media of breast cancer patients

Strumylaitė

Boguševičius

Abdrachmanovas

et al. 2010

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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“…30 Thus, the risk factors and the magnitude of their risk may be different before and after menopause. The etiological roles of endogenous hormones admit of no doubt, and a causal model of breast cancer suggested that hormones increased the breast cancer risk in adults by increasing cell proliferation and the number of target cells, and also heightened the risk of the retention of spontaneous somatic mutations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active and passive smoking and breast cancer risk in middle‐aged Japanese women

Hanaoka

Yamamoto²,

Sobue³

et al. 2004

Intl Journal of Cancer

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To examine the hypothesis that tobacco smoke is associated with the risk of female breast cancer, we estimated the relative risks of active and passive smoke in middle-aged Japanese women in a population-based prospective study. The cohort consisted of residents in 4 public health center areas, aged 40 to 59 years. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted in 1990. This analysis included 21,805 subjects, 180 of whom had developed breast cancer by December 31, 1999. When the reference was defined as never-active smokers without passive smoking, adjusted relative risks (RRs) were 1.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] ‫؍‬ 1.0 -3.6) in current active smokers, 1.2 (95% CI ‫؍‬ 0.4 -4.0) in ex-active smokers and 1.2 (95% CI ‫؍‬ 0.8 -1.6) in never-active smokers with passive smoking. The elevated risk for ever-smokers was clearly observed in premenopausal women at baseline (RR ‫؍‬ 3.9, 95% CI ‫؍‬ 1.5-9.9) but not in postmenopausal women (RR ‫؍‬ 1.1, 95% CI ‫؍‬ 0.5-2.5). In never-active smokers, the adjusted RR for passive smoking, residential or occupational/public tobacco smoke exposure was 1.1 (95% CI ‫؍‬ 0.8 -1.6). In premenopausal women, passive smoking increased the risk (RR ‫؍‬ 2.6; 95% CI ‫؍‬ 1.3-5.2) but not in postmenopausal women (RR ‫؍‬ 0.7; 95% CI ‫؍‬ 0.4 -1.0). We conclude that tobacco smoking increases the risk of female breast cancer in premenopausal women.

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“…The tissues were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen after obtained and kept at 280 C before use. DNA and RNA were isolated from tissue using AllPrep DNA/RNA/Protein Mini Kit from Qiagen 1 All the rounds in the sample description are independent from each other except 2 and 3. 2 Samples were randomly selected from the first validation round.…”

Section: Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA methylation array analyses identified breast cancer‐associated HYAL2 methylation in peripheral blood

Yang

Pfütze

Zucknick

et al. 2014

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women worldwide. Changes in DNA methylation in peripheral blood could be associated with malignancy at early stage. However, the BC-associated DNA methylation signatures in peripheral blood were largely unknown. Here, we performed a genome-wide methylation screening and identified a BC-associated differentially methylated CpG site cg27091787 in the hyaluronoglucosaminidase 2 gene (HYAL2) (discovery round with 72 BC case and 24 controls: p 5 2.61 3 10 29 adjusted for cell-type proportions). The substantially decreased methylation of cg27091787 in BC cases was confirmed in two validation rounds (first validation round with 338 BC case and 507 controls: p < 0.0001; second validation round with 189 BC case and 189 controls: p < 0.0001). In addition to cg27091787, the decreased methylation of a 650-bp CpG island shore of HYAL2 was also associated with increased risk of BC. Moreover, the expression and methylation of HYAL2 were inversely correlated with a p-value of 0.006. To note, the BC-associated decreased HYAL2 methylation was replicated in the T-cell fraction (p 5 0.034). The cg27091787 methylation level enabled a powerful discrimination of earlystage BC cases (stages 0 and I) from healthy controls [area under curve (AUC) 5 0.89], and was robust for the detection of BC in younger women as well (age < 50, AUC 5 0.87). Our study reveals a strong association between decreased HYAL2 methylation in peripheral blood and BC, and provides a promising blood-based marker for the detection of early BC.Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women, 1 with 1.7 million new cases and 522,000 deaths in 2012. 2 In the United States, one in eight women will develop BC in her lifetime. 3 Although therapeutic advances have improved the survival rate, most BC patients still suffer from greatly

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Epidemiology of breast cancer

Cited by 901 publications

References 45 publications

Cadmium concentration in biological media of breast cancer patients

Cadmium concentration in biological media of breast cancer patients

Active and passive smoking and breast cancer risk in middle‐aged Japanese women

DNA methylation array analyses identified breast cancer‐associated HYAL2 methylation in peripheral blood

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