Active and passive smoking and breast cancer risk in middle‐aged Japanese women

Hanaoka, Tomoyuki; Yamamoto, Seiichiro; Sobue, Tomotaka; Sasaki, Satoshi; Tsugane, Shoichiro

doi:10.1002/ijc.20709

Cited by 71 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In the present study, only early exposure in the reproductive period could be a breast cancer risk. The risk of passive smoke in premenopausal women in this study was also consistent with other studies (Hanaoka et al, 2005;Johnson et al, 2011). Human breast tissue is sensitive to environmental carcinogens in the premenopausal period, during periods of rapid cell proliferation during puberty when that differentiation is incomplete, and when complete cellular differentiation is never achieved in nulliparity women (Reynolds, 2013).…”

Section: And the Statistical Comparison Between Two Groupssupporting

confidence: 91%

Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Breast Cancer Risk in Thai Urban Females

Pimhanam

Sangrajrang²,

Ekpanyaskul³

2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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The incidence of urban female breast cancer has been continuously increasing over the past decade with unknown etiology. One hypothesis for this increase is carcinogen exposure from tobacco. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the risk of urban female breast cancer from tobacco smoke exposure. The matched case control study was conducted among Thai females, aged 17-76 years and living in Bangkok or its surrounding areas. A total of 444 pairs of cases and controls were recruited from the Thai National Cancer Institute. Cases were newly diagnosed and histologically confirmed as breast cancer while controls were selected from healthy women who visited a patient, matched by age ± 5 years. After obtaining informed consent, tobacco smoke exposure data and information on other potential risk factors were collected by interview. The analysis was performed by conditional logistic regression, and presented with odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals(CI). From all subjects, 3.8% of cases and 3.4% of controls were active smokers while 11.0% of cases and 6.1% of controls were passive smokers. The highest to lowest sources of passive tobacco smoke were from spouses (40.8%), the workplace (36.8%) and public areas (26.3%), respectively. After adjusting for other potential risk factors or confounders, females with frequent low-dose passive smoke exposure (≤7 hours per week) from a spouse or workplace had adjusted odds ratio 3.77 (95%CI=1.11-12.82) and 4.02 (95%CI=1.04-15.50) higher risk of breast cancer compared with non-smokers, respectively. However, this study did not find any association of breast cancer risk in high dose passive tobacco smoke exposure, or a dose response relationship in cumulative passive tobacco smoke exposure per week, or in the active smoker group. In conclusion, passive smoke exposure may be one important risk factor of urban female breast cancer, particularly, from a spouse or workplace. This risk factor highlights the importance of avoiding tobacco smoke exposure as a key measure for breast cancer prevention and control.

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Section: And the Statistical Comparison Between Two Groupssupporting

confidence: 91%

Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Breast Cancer Risk in Thai Urban Females

Pimhanam

Sangrajrang²,

Ekpanyaskul³

2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…39 Consistent with a previous study, 4 we found little evidence of a statistical interaction between smoking status and alcohol intake on the development of breast cancer, although we previously reported a substantial association between smoking and premenopausal breast cancer risk in our cohort. 67 The major strength of our study is its prospective population-based cohort design. Our large sample size and repeated measurement of exposure information over a long follow-up period likely aided the precision of our risk estimate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol consumption‐associated breast cancer incidence and potential effect modifiers: the Japan Public Health Center‐based Prospective Study

Suzuki¹,

Iwasaki

Inoue³

et al. 2010

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Epidemiological studies have evaluated whether the impact of alcohol intake on breast cancer risk is modified by use of exogenous estrogens, folate intake, body weight and smoking status, but results have been inconsistent. Further, effect modification by intake of isoflavones and alcohol-induced facial flushing, which are prevalent in Asian populations, have not been investigated. We investigated the association between alcohol intake and breast cancer risk and whether the association is modified by these factors among 50,757 premenopausal and postmenopausal women (aged 40-69 years) in the population-based Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. Alcohol consumption and other related factors were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. Through to the end of 2006, 572 patients were identified. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by hazard ratios derived from Cox proportional hazards regression models. Compared with never-drinkers, regular alcohol drinkers (>150 g of ethanol/week) had a higher risk of the development of breast cancer; the multivariable-adjusted RRs were 1.75 (95% CI 5 1.16-2.65; p trend 5 0.035) for overall, 1.78 (95% CI 5 1.09-2.90) for premenopausal and 1.21 (95% CI 5 0.53-2.75) for postmenopausal women. There was no statistical evidence for effect modification by menopausal status, use of exogenous estrogens, intakes of isoflavone and folate, body weight, alcohol-induced facial flushing or smoking (All p interactions ! 0.15). Excessive alcohol intake was associated with an increase in the risk of breast cancer in this population. There was no statistical evidence for effect modification.Alcohol-related carcinogenesis of the breast has been identified in a number of animal and epidemiological studies, and confirmed by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) working group, 1,2 the Second Expert Report from the World Cancer Research Fund, 3 and meta-analyses. 4,5 Apparently consistent with this, the steep increase in the incidence of breast cancer in Japan over the last 3 decades 6 has coincided with an upward trend in alcohol consumption, 7 although other explanations may include increased height, early menarche, low birthrate or late first birth. [8][9][10][11] Nevertheless, a recent qualitative review 12 of 11 epidemiological studies conducted in Japanese women suggested that the association remains inconclusive, albeit that one prospective study in 35,844 women, including 151 cases, reported a positive association. 13 Proposed mechanisms of ethanol-associated breast carcinogenesis include both hormone-dependent 14-19 as well as hormone-independent carcinogenic pathways, such as the induction of carcinogenesis, mutagenesis and DNA damage by acetaldehyde, a toxic ethanol metabolite; reactive oxygen species and an effect on one carbon metabolism, which is involved with folate level and vitamin B intake. [20][21][22][23][24] Although the results of a meta-analysis 5 supported both pathways by showing a positive association for estr...

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“…While the results from some studies are unconvincing (Pirie et al, 2008;Anderson et al, 2012), the numerous studies suggested an increase in risk with exposure to passive tobacco smoke (Kropp and ChangClaude, 2002;Slattery et al, 2008;Luo et al, 2011). This association has been stronger for premenopausal compared to postmenopausal women (Hanaoka et al, 2005;Slattery et al, 2008). The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between cigarette smoking and breast cancer risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Cigarette Smoking and Breast Cancer: a Case-control Study in Serbia

Ilić

Vlajinac²,

Marinković³

2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: Despite the fact that breast cancer is the most common female cancer worldwide, more than half of the breast cancer risk factors remained unexplained. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of cigarette smoking with risk of breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted in the Clinical Centre of Kragujevac, Serbia, covering 382 participants (191 cases and 191 controls). In the analysis of data logistic regression was used. Results: Breast cancer risk was significantly increased in those who quit smoking at ≤50 years of age (OR=2.72; 95% confidence interval -95%CI=1.02-7.27) and in those who quit smoking less than 5 years before diagnosis of the disease (OR=4.36; 95%CI=1.12-16.88). When smokers were compared with nonsmokers without passive exposure to smoking, former smoking significantly increased breast cancer risk (OR=2.37; 95%CI=1.07-5.24). Risk for breast cancer was significantly increased in those who quit smoking at ≤50 years of age (OR=3.29; 95%CI=1.17-9.27) and in those who quit smoking less than 5 years before diagnosis of the disease (OR=5.46; 95%CI=1.34-22.28). Conclusions: These data suggest that cigarette smoking is associated with an elevated risk of breast cancer among former smokers in Serbia.

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Active and passive smoking and breast cancer risk in middle‐aged Japanese women

Cited by 71 publications

References 34 publications

Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Breast Cancer Risk in Thai Urban Females

Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Breast Cancer Risk in Thai Urban Females

Alcohol consumption‐associated breast cancer incidence and potential effect modifiers: the Japan Public Health Center‐based Prospective Study

Cigarette Smoking and Breast Cancer: a Case-control Study in Serbia

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