Epidemiology and Incidence of Retinoblastoma in the Middle East: A Nationwide Study in Lebanon

Hage, Said El; Wakim, Elyas; Daou, Lea; Masri, Jad El; Salameh, Pascale

doi:10.7759/cureus.18696

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Additionally, excepting retinoblastoma, a significant downward trend was observed in the age group over 50 years, males, ocular surface, and skin/canthus/adnexal cancers over the 13-year period. This analysis showed a minimal increasing trend in ASIR of all ocular cancers for the period of 2004-2016; which was in line with those reported from Zimbabwe 27 , the United States 22 , India 26 , Thailand 25 , Lebanon 24 , and the 30 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Population-based cancer registries provide the most practical data on cancer incidence and can enhance patient care by engaging clinicians along the research process 21 . The incidence of ocular cancer in both developed 22 and developing countries [23][24][25][26][27] had an increasing trend; however, it was more significant in developing countries. There is a lack of comprehensive analysis of recent incidence trends of ocular cancers in Iran.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A joinpoint and age–period–cohort analysis of ocular cancer secular trends in Iran from 2004 to 2016

Abolhosseini

Khorrami

Safi

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Investigating secular trends of ocular cancer registration in Iran. After acquiring Iranian national population-based cancer registry data, trends of age-standardised incidence rates (ASIR) of ocular cancers and annual percent changes (APC) between 2004 and 2016 were analysed in age groups, gender, topography and morphology types with joinpoint regression analysis. Age, period, and cohort effects on incidence rates were estimated by age–period–cohort model. Geographic distribution of ASIR was assessed using GIS. Overall ASIR of ocular cancers was 16.04/100,000 (95% CI 15.77–16.32). Joinpoint regression analysis showed a significant increase of ASIR between 2004 and 2009 for males (APC = 5.5, 95% CI 0.9–10.2), ages over 50 years (APC = 5.2, 1.2–9.4), skin/canthus/adnexal cancers (APC = 4.2, 0.8–7.7), and carcinomas/adenocarcinomas (APC = 4.3, 0.6–8.1); however, between 2009 and 2016 a declining trend was observed in all investigated variables. ASIR of retinoblastoma was significantly increased (averaged APC = 20.7, 9–33.7) between 2004 and 2016. age–period–cohort analyses showed that incidence rates of ocular cancers significantly increased with aging, time periods, and birth cohort effects (p < 0.001). ASIR varied from 6.7/100,000 to 21.7/100,000 in Iran. Excepting retinoblastoma, all ocular cancer incidence trends were downward over a 13-year period; however, it was increasing between 2004 and 2009 cancer. ASIR was significant aging in Iran.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A joinpoint and age–period–cohort analysis of ocular cancer secular trends in Iran from 2004 to 2016

Abolhosseini

Khorrami

Safi

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…While the lowest ASRs recorded were in Qatar with 0.4 and 0.3 cases per million person-years years for the 0-14 and 0-19 age groups respectively. Tunisia recorded the same ASRs as Lebanon, with 3.6 and 2.8 cases per million person-years for the 0-14 and 0-19 age groups, respectively (27). Rb patients with delayed diagnosis and referral are expected to present with a more advanced tumor stage (25,26,(28)(29)(30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Presentation and management outcomes of Retinoblastoma among Syrian refugees in Jordan

et al. 2023

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PurposeThe humanitarian crisis in Syria has had a profound impact on the entire region. In this study, we report the patterns of presentation and management outcomes of Syrian patients with Retinoblastoma (Rb) treated at a single tertiary cancer center in Jordan.Methods and MaterialsThis is a retrospective comparative study of Syrian refugees and Jordanian citizens who had Rb between 2011 and 2020. Collected data included patient demographics, presentation, tumor stage, treatment modalities, eye salvage rate, metastasis, and mortality.ResultsThirty Syrian refugees (16 (53%) had bilateral disease) and 124 Jordanian citizens (51(41%) had bilateral disease) were diagnosed with Rb during this period. The median age at diagnosis for refugees was 10 and 32 months for patients with bilateral and unilateral Rb consecutively, compared to 6 and 28 months for citizens. The median lag time between signs of disease and initiation of treatment was 3 months for refugees, compared to 1 month for citizens.Refugees were more likely to present with a more advanced stage (p=0.046). Out of 46 affected eyes in refugees; 32 (70%) eyes were group D or E, while out of 175 affected eyes among citizens; 98 (56%) eyes were group D or E. Therefore, refugees with Rb were more likely to mandate primary enucleation (48%) compared to citizens (25%) (p=0.003). However, out of 24 eyes among refugees who received conservative therapy, 15 (62%) eyes were successfully salvaged, while out of 131 affected eyes among citizens who received conservative therapy, 105 (80%) eyes were successfully salvaged (p=0.06). Two (7%) of the refugees and four (3.2%) of the citizens with Rb died from metastasis.ConclusionSyrian refugees with Rb presented with more advanced disease due to delay in diagnosis and referral that increased the treatment burden by decreasing the chance for eye globe salvage. However, patients who received the timely intervention had a similar outcome to citizens with Rb; probably a reflection of the management of all patients at a single specialized center. We advocate for the timely referral of refugees with this rare life-threatening tumor to a specialized cancer center for the best possible outcome.

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“…Although it accounts for about 3% of childhood malignancies in developed countries, there is evidence that this tumor occurs more frequently in Latin America and Africa developing countries (1). Studies show that in the age group from 0 to 14 years, the standardized incidence rate per one million children varies from 2.9 to 4.4 in Asian countries (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22), and from 3.4 to 6.5 in countries in Europe (13, 14, 23-26), from 3.2 to 4.7 in North America (5, 6, 10-12, 27, 28), from 6.7 in Central America, Guatemala (9), and from 4 to 5 in South American countries (8,29,30).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of retinoblastoma in children and adolescents in Brazil: A population-based study

Barbosa

Magalhães-Barbosa²,

Moreira³

et al. 2022

Front. Pediatr.

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ObjectiveTo estimate the incidence of retinoblastoma in children and adolescents in Brazil based on Population-Based Cancer Registry (PBCR), describing temporal trends and some quality indicators of this registry.MethodsBased on secondary data from the PBCR of the National Institute of Cancer (INCA) (2000–2018), by selecting the morphological code of retinoblastoma, the annual incidences per million (0–19 years of age) in each local PBCR were estimated by sex and age group, global combined and by region, in addition to the percentage of diagnosis only by death certificate (DC) or not informed (NI), and the male/female ratio (M/F). An annual incidence trend in the five Brazilian geographic regions was also analyzed using the inflection point regression technique.Results675 patients were identified in 28 PBCR, 91% between 0 and 4 years of age. The overall combined incidence per million by age group was: 7.02 (0–4 years old), ranging from 5.25 in the Midwest to 11.26 in the Northeast; 0.46 (5–9 years old); 0.05 (10–14 years old) and 0.03 (15–19 years old). The combined incidence per million, adjusted for the world population, was 2.23 (0–14 years old) and 2.24 (0–19 years old). The DC and NI percentages were 13% and 18%, respectively; the M/F ratio was 1.3. The incidence remained stable throughout the study period, except for the city of São Paulo, where there was a significant reduction of 3.4% per year.ConclusionsIn Brazil, except for the Northeast region, the incidences of retinoblastoma were lower than those reported in several countries worldwide, suggesting possible underreporting, and the time series analysis showed a stable trend. Although this pioneering study brings a recent panel of available data on retinoblastoma in Brazil, more precise estimates are needed and welcome for better planning of onco-ophthalmologic care in the country.

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Epidemiology and Incidence of Retinoblastoma in the Middle East: A Nationwide Study in Lebanon

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

A joinpoint and age–period–cohort analysis of ocular cancer secular trends in Iran from 2004 to 2016

A joinpoint and age–period–cohort analysis of ocular cancer secular trends in Iran from 2004 to 2016

Presentation and management outcomes of Retinoblastoma among Syrian refugees in Jordan

Incidence of retinoblastoma in children and adolescents in Brazil: A population-based study

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