Epidemiology and characterization of Flavescence dorée (FD) and other grapevine yellows

Caudwell, A.

doi:10.1051/agro:19900806

Cited by 52 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…Flavescence dorée (FD) is one of the most important and damaging phytoplasma diseases of grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.) causing yellowing or reddening and downward rolling of leaves, drying of inflorescences and bunches, and lack of cane lignification (Caudwell, 1990). The FD phytoplasma is a wall-less bacterium belonging to the 16S ribosomal subgroups V-C and –D (Angelini et al, 2001), with three main genetic clusters based on map and rps C gene sequences (Martini et al, 2002; Arnaud et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space-Time Point Pattern Analysis of Flavescence Dorée Epidemic in a Grapevine Field: Disease Progression and Recovery

et al. 2017

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Analyses of space-time statistical features of a flavescence dorée (FD) epidemic in Vitis vinifera plants are presented. FD spread was surveyed from 2011 to 2015 in a vineyard of 17,500 m2 surface area in the Piemonte region, Italy; count and position of symptomatic plants were used to test the hypothesis of epidemic Complete Spatial Randomness and isotropicity in the space-time static (year-by-year) point pattern measure. Space-time dynamic (year-to-year) point pattern analyses were applied to newly infected and recovered plants to highlight statistics of FD progression and regression over time. Results highlighted point patterns ranging from disperse (at small scales) to aggregated (at large scales) over the years, suggesting that the FD epidemic is characterized by multiscale properties that may depend on infection incidence, vector population, and flight behavior. Dynamic analyses showed moderate preferential progression and regression along rows. Nearly uniform distributions of direction and negative exponential distributions of distance of newly symptomatic and recovered plants relative to existing symptomatic plants highlighted features of vector mobility similar to Brownian motion. These evidences indicate that space-time epidemics modeling should include environmental setting (e.g., vineyard geometry and topography) to capture anisotropicity as well as statistical features of vector flight behavior, plant recovery and susceptibility, and plant mortality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space-Time Point Pattern Analysis of Flavescence Dorée Epidemic in a Grapevine Field: Disease Progression and Recovery

et al. 2017

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“…The test is suitable for highthroughput analysis and will thereby facilitate further characterisation of Bois noir epidemiology. (Caudwell 1990;Boudon-Padieu 2002). In recent years however, BN has become an increasing problem, especially in areas not affected by FD.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a TaqMan allelic discrimination assay for the distinction of two major subtypes of the grapevine yellows phytoplasma Bois noir

2009

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Bois noir is a grapevine yellows disease that is gaining importance in many regions of Europe. The Bois noir phytoplasma ("Candidatus Phytoplasma solani") was shown to be transmitted by the planthopper Hyalesthes obsoletus, which normally feeds on herbaceous weeds, and occasionally also on grapevines. Three subtypes of the Bois noir phytoplasma have been described and were shown to be associated with distinctive host plants. In this study, we developed a novel and rapid real-time PCR allelic discrimination assay for the distinction of the two major Bois noir phytoplasma subtypes, VK type I and II. Two TaqMan probes carrying different fluorescent dyes were designed to specifically bind to a polymorphism characteristic for the two Bois noir phytoplasma subtypes, thereby allowing discriminative amplification in a single-tube and single-step assay. A total of 259 bois noir-positive grapevine samples collected over 5 years were analysed using the conventional PCR-RFLP method and our newly developed TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. 257 out of 259 samples could be typed with the TaqMan method, compared to 200 out of 259 samples when using the conventional method. The overall concordance of the two methods was 100%. Our newly developed TaqMan assay represents a useful tool for fast and reliable determination of Bois noir phytoplasma subtypes in infected grapevine, insect vector, and host plant samples. The test is suitable for highthroughput analysis and will thereby facilitate further characterisation of Bois noir epidemiology.

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“…The name FDP has been restricted to 16SrV-C and 16SrV-D phytoplasmas that can be transmitted by the grapevine leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus (Caudwell, 1990).…”

Section: Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on pest categorisation of Grapevine Flavescence dorée

Rossi¹

2014

EFSA Journal

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The Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Grapevine Flavescence dorée, also known as Flavescence dorée phytoplasma (FDP), for the European Union (EU) territory. FDP has not yet been defined as a phytoplasma species of the genus Candidatus Phytoplasma. Routine molecular detection assays are available. FDP is transmitted by grafting and vegetative propagation material as well as by insect vectors. FDP is only reported in Europe. Within Europe it is present in Serbia, in Switzerland and in 10 out of 21 countries of the grapevine producing EU countries. Besides grapevine, FDP is also commonly found in other hosts such as Ailanthus, Alnus and Clematis. FDP is included in the annexes II/A/II and II/B of the Council Directive 2000/29/EC. Grapevine, the main host plant, is included into annexes III, IV and V of the Directive 2000/29/EC. FDP is not expected to be affected by EU ecoclimatic conditions wherever its hosts are present and has the potential to establish largely within the EU territory. The specific leafhopper vector of FDP, Scaphoideus titanus, is an invasive insect that was introduced in Europe. It is only in areas where FDP and Scaphoideus titanus are associated that the direct and indirect impacts are considered to be high: yield reduction, death of grapevine plants, costs for disease and vector management procedures. Additional insect vectors are known, but are not directly associated with FDP epidemics. A major outcome of this pest categorisation has been to emphasise the role of S. titanus. Uncertainty lies mostly in the knowledge on specific FDP strain transmissibility, susceptibility of specific grapevine varieties and distribution in alternate hosts. It is not fully known how far the invasive vector insect S. titanus is still enlarging its distribution within the risk assessment area.

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Epidemiology and characterization of Flavescence dorée (FD) and other grapevine yellows

Cited by 52 publications

References 6 publications

Space-Time Point Pattern Analysis of Flavescence Dorée Epidemic in a Grapevine Field: Disease Progression and Recovery

Space-Time Point Pattern Analysis of Flavescence Dorée Epidemic in a Grapevine Field: Disease Progression and Recovery

Development of a TaqMan allelic discrimination assay for the distinction of two major subtypes of the grapevine yellows phytoplasma Bois noir

Scientific Opinion on pest categorisation of Grapevine Flavescence dorée

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