Scientific Opinion on pest categorisation of Grapevine Flavescence dorée

Rossi, Vittorio

doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3851

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…In some cases, severely affected grapevines may dye; yet, symptomatic plants are normally replaced with healthy plants within the standard viticultural practices. While FD was initially detected in France in the 1950s (Caudwell, 1957), it is now present in several grapevine growing areas of Europe (EFSA-PLH Panel on Plant Health, 2014), including the Piemonte region in north-western Italy (Gotta and Morone, 2001; Marzachì et al, 2001). In this region, disease incidence is locally very high, possibly due to an increasing S. titanus population on wild grapes as noticed by the authors and also in Pavan et al (2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space-Time Point Pattern Analysis of Flavescence Dorée Epidemic in a Grapevine Field: Disease Progression and Recovery

et al. 2017

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Analyses of space-time statistical features of a flavescence dorée (FD) epidemic in Vitis vinifera plants are presented. FD spread was surveyed from 2011 to 2015 in a vineyard of 17,500 m2 surface area in the Piemonte region, Italy; count and position of symptomatic plants were used to test the hypothesis of epidemic Complete Spatial Randomness and isotropicity in the space-time static (year-by-year) point pattern measure. Space-time dynamic (year-to-year) point pattern analyses were applied to newly infected and recovered plants to highlight statistics of FD progression and regression over time. Results highlighted point patterns ranging from disperse (at small scales) to aggregated (at large scales) over the years, suggesting that the FD epidemic is characterized by multiscale properties that may depend on infection incidence, vector population, and flight behavior. Dynamic analyses showed moderate preferential progression and regression along rows. Nearly uniform distributions of direction and negative exponential distributions of distance of newly symptomatic and recovered plants relative to existing symptomatic plants highlighted features of vector mobility similar to Brownian motion. These evidences indicate that space-time epidemics modeling should include environmental setting (e.g., vineyard geometry and topography) to capture anisotropicity as well as statistical features of vector flight behavior, plant recovery and susceptibility, and plant mortality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space-Time Point Pattern Analysis of Flavescence Dorée Epidemic in a Grapevine Field: Disease Progression and Recovery

et al. 2017

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“…Despite these mandatory methods, numerous outbreaks have been reported in Europe. First described in Southwestern France, FD expanded in France and spread to other European countries, from Portugal to Hungary (Foissac and Maixner, 2013; EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH), 2014). However, the prophylactic control has deleterious economic, social, and environmental impacts, so better adapted, and environmentally friendly strategies are awaited to control FD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting Susceptibilities to Flavescence Dorée in Vitis vinifera, Rootstocks and Wild Vitis Species

et al. 2016

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Flavescence dorée (FD) is a quarantine disease of grapevine, involving interactions between the plants, leafhopper vectors, and FD phytoplasma. Characterizing the susceptibility of vine varieties could limit disease propagation. After extensive surveys in vineyards, we showed that Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) is highly susceptible, with a high proportion of symptomatic branches and phytoplasma titers, in contrast to Merlot (M). Localized insect transmissions and grafting showed that phytoplasma circulate in the whole plant in the CS cultivar, but in M they are restricted to the transmission point. Insect-mediated transmission under high confinement mimicking natural conditions confirmed these phenotypes and allowed the classification of 28 Vitis accessions into three distinct categories, according to the percentage of infected plants and their phytoplasma titers. Reduced symptoms, low phytoplasma titers, and low percentages of infected plants were found to be associated in the Vitis vinifera cultivars tested. Interestingly, the low susceptibility of M was observed for one of its parents, i.e., Magdeleine Noire des Charentes. Rootstocks and their Vitis parents, although having high percentages of infected plants and intermediate to high phytoplasma titers, shared a symptomless response. This is troubling, because rootstocks can constitute a silent reservoir of contamination in mother plants or when they grow wild nearby vineyards. Altogether, data suggest distribution of genetic traits within the Vitis genus involved in insect-mediated phytoplasma transmission, multiplication, circulation, and symptom development.

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“…After having acquired FDp, S. titanus remains infectious for the rest of its life, even after moulting, while its efficiency in FDp acquisition increases throughout the season, with the adult stage being the most efficient (Angelini et al, 2018). Transovarial transmission has not been reported (EFSA PLH Panel, 2014). Once transmitted to a new host plant, FDp multiplies within the phloem until inhibiting sap transport, with an accumulation of carbohydrates and secondary metabolites followed by a source-sink transition and defence response status by the host (Prezelj et al, 2016).…”

Section: Life Cycle and Fdp Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…. sylvestris and interspecific hybrids used as rootstocks(EFSA PLH Panel, 2014; EPPO, 1996).Scaphoideus titanus, the main and most efficient FDp vector, is monophagous on grapevines.All V. vinifera develop symptoms in response to FDp infection, but with different levels of severity: the level of susceptibility expressed by the infected grapevines is cultivar-dependent, such as the observed FDp titres. Even if a V. vinifera cultivar expresses severe symptoms, it doesn't necessarily correspond to a strong multiplication of the phytoplasma in its tissues(Eveillard et al, 2016).Plant species other than cultivated and uncultivated Vitis spp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pest survey card on flavescence dorée phytoplasma and its vector Scaphoideus titanus

Tramontini¹,

Delbianco²,

Vos³

2020

EFSA Supporting Publications

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This pest survey card was prepared in the context of the EFSA mandate on plant pest surveillance (M2017‐0137) at the request of the European Commission. Its purpose is to guide the Member States in preparing data and information for Flavescence dorée phytoplasma (FDp) and its vector Scaphoideus titanus that are required to design statistically sound and risk‐based surveys, in line with current international standards. Flavescence dorée phytoplasmais a Union quarantine pest known to occur only in Europe, whereas its main vector S. titanus is a monophagous leaf hopper that has been introduced into the EU and is not regulatedin the EU. Both FDp and S. titanus are currently present in most of the main grape‐growing EU Member States. The alternative hosts and other putative vectors of FDp play a secondary role in the epidemics. Spread of FDp in the EU can occur mainly through the internal movement of plants for planting of grapevine and the spread of infected vectors. Detection surveys for both FDp and S. titanusshould focus on commercial and productive vineyards and nurseries, wherever present in the EU, while in the event of an outbreak, delimiting surveys should extend to the wild and American Vitis spp. plants that can be found in abandoned vineyards, in the wild or grown in backyards and gardens, and that can have a crucial role in primary infections. IfS. titanus is present in an FDp outbreak area, the delimiting survey could be extended to occasional vectors of FDp and alternative hosts in order to also consider the spread of FDp from those reservoirs. Visual inspections are effective for identifying the vector but not for FDp, which requires confirmation by molecular methods.

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Scientific Opinion on pest categorisation of Grapevine Flavescence dorée

Cited by 30 publications

References 36 publications

Space-Time Point Pattern Analysis of Flavescence Dorée Epidemic in a Grapevine Field: Disease Progression and Recovery

Space-Time Point Pattern Analysis of Flavescence Dorée Epidemic in a Grapevine Field: Disease Progression and Recovery

Contrasting Susceptibilities to Flavescence Dorée in Vitis vinifera, Rootstocks and Wild Vitis Species

Pest survey card on flavescence dorée phytoplasma and its vector Scaphoideus titanus

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