This pest survey card was prepared in the context of the EFSA mandate on plant pest surveillance (M2017‐0137) at the request of the European Commission. Its purpose is to guide the Member States in preparing data and information for Flavescence dorée phytoplasma (FDp) and its vector Scaphoideus titanus that are required to design statistically sound and risk‐based surveys, in line with current international standards. Flavescence dorée phytoplasmais a Union quarantine pest known to occur only in Europe, whereas its main vector S. titanus is a monophagous leaf hopper that has been introduced into the EU and is not regulatedin the EU. Both FDp and S. titanus are currently present in most of the main grape‐growing EU Member States. The alternative hosts and other putative vectors of FDp play a secondary role in the epidemics. Spread of FDp in the EU can occur mainly through the internal movement of plants for planting of grapevine and the spread of infected vectors. Detection surveys for both FDp and S. titanusshould focus on commercial and productive vineyards and nurseries, wherever present in the EU, while in the event of an outbreak, delimiting surveys should extend to the wild and American Vitis spp. plants that can be found in abandoned vineyards, in the wild or grown in backyards and gardens, and that can have a crucial role in primary infections. IfS. titanus is present in an FDp outbreak area, the delimiting survey could be extended to occasional vectors of FDp and alternative hosts in order to also consider the spread of FDp from those reservoirs. Visual inspections are effective for identifying the vector but not for FDp, which requires confirmation by molecular methods.
This pest survey card was prepared in the context of the EFSA mandate on plant pest surveillance (M‐2017‐0137) at the request of the European Commission. Its purpose is to guide the Member States in preparing data and information for the surveys of the nine Pissodes species regulated in the EU. These are required to design statistically sound and risk‐based pest surveys, in line with current international standards.The nine Pissodes species regulated in the EU as Union quarantine pests are Pissodescibriani, P. fasciatus, P.nemorensis, P. nitidus, P. punctatus, P. strobi, P. terminalis, P. yunnanensis andP. zitacuarense. All of them are absent from the European Union and attack conifer trees. The high availability of hosts, climatic suitability and ecological plasticity of these weevils make the entire EU territory suitable for their establishment. Detection surveys should mainly focus on the genera Cedrus,Picea,Pinus andPseudotsugawhile in the case of an outbreak, delimiting surveys should includeall coniferous species that can be found in the survey area. The main risk activities relevant for surveillance are the movement of propagation material of Cedrus, Picea, Pinus andPseudotsugaand the import into the EU of host plant material used for decorative purposes (e.g. Christmas trees). Visual examination is more effective for those Pissodes species that attack the healthy leaders of young trees than for species that boreinto the lower portions of the stem and root collar of stressed plants. The efficacy of traps has not been confirmed for all species and when specimens, both larvae and adults, are collected they should undergo molecular identification, whenever possible.
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