Epidemiologically non-feasible singleton reactors at the final stage of BoHV1 eradication: Serological evidence of BoHV2 cross-reactivity

Böttcher, Jens; Boje, Jennifer; Janowetz, Britta; Alex, Michaela; König, Patricia; Hagg, Maria; Götz, F. W. Paul; Renner, Konrad; Otterbein, Christian; Mages, Johann; Meier, Norbert; Wittkowski, G.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.04.017

Cited by 14 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…For swine vesicular disease virus, between 1 and 3 of 1000 pigs are so-called “singleton reactors”, which are serologically positive in the absence of any evidence of previous infection [ 25 ]. Similar phenomena were described for other viruses, such as bovine herpesvirus, where they are caused by cross-reactions between related viruses [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Proof of Proficiency of Decentralized Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Diagnostics in Germany

Keck

Hoffmann

Eschbaumer

2022

Viruses

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A proficiency test was performed to verify that the regional veterinary laboratories in Germany can provide reliable foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) diagnostics. Overall, 24 samples were to be analyzed for FMDV-specific nucleic acids by real-time RT-PCR, and 16 samples had to be tested by ELISA for antibodies against non-structural proteins of FMDV. For both methods, a range of dilutions of the original materials (inactivated FMDV vaccine or convalescent serum from infected animals, respectively) was prepared, and negative samples were included as well. All 23 participating laboratories were able to detect FMDV genome down to a dilution of 1:100,000 of the vaccine preparation. Even at a dilution of 1:1,000,000, FMDV genome was detected by more than half of the participants. With the antibody ELISA, all sera were correctly identified by all participating laboratories. No false-positive results were returned with either method. All participating laboratories were found to be fully proficient in FMDV diagnostics.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Proof of Proficiency of Decentralized Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Diagnostics in Germany

Keck

Hoffmann

Eschbaumer

2022

Viruses

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“…2 ). The results obtained from pooled samples can be interpreted using different cut-off settings [ 18 ]. Therefore, we evaluated the performance of the new rec-gE ELISA on pooled blood serum samples, so that the cut-off level could be modified based on the pool size to improve its analytical sensitivity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blocking ELISAs based on reactivity against gB can suffer from less-than-absolute specificity when alphaherpesviruses genetically related to BoHV1 are circulating on the farm. For example, their partial cross-reactivity with antibodies directed against Bovine herpesvirus 2 [ 18 ] or Bubaline herpesvirus 1 [ 20 ] can result in IBR-positive outcomes on the gB blocking ELISA and lead to “vaccination-like” behavior. Consequently, the official procedures and restrictions prescribed by EU regulations should be applied in IBR-free regions (2004/558/CEE [ 4 ]).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of an indirect ELISA as a confirmatory test for surveillance of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in vaccinated herds

et al. 2015

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BackgroundBovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV1) is a member of the viral subfamily of Alphaherpesvirinae that infects various species, including cattle, sheep, and goats. The virus causes infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), which is included in a European list of diseases that may require control and eradication programs. The lack of confirmatory tests affects the validity of diagnostic tools, especially those used for vaccinated herds. In this study, we report the development and validation of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on BoHV1 glycoprotein E, which was expressed as a secreted recombinant antigen in a mammalian cell system. The performance of the new rec-gE ELISA was compared with that of commercially available indirect and/or blocking ELISAs.ResultsThe sample set included blood sera from animals from IBR-positive farms, IBR-free farms, and marker-vaccinated farms. The indirect ELISA proposed in this study is based on antibody reactivity against BoHV1 gE, and showed high sensitivity and specificity (98.41 and 99.76 %, respectively).ConclusionsThe ELISA performed well, in terms of both its diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, and as a confirmatory methodology, and therefore should improve the diagnostic protocols used for IBR surveillance.

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“…In regions with high BoHV1-sero-prevalences, eradication is based on immunisation with glycoprotein E (gE)-deleted marker vaccines and the subsequent selection of marker-negative animals. At the end of 2010, nationwide, 90.4% of the dairy and breeding herds in Germany were BoHV1-free (with or without vaccination), and in 6.3% of the herds, eradication was still in progress ( 28 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Infections With Bovine Herpesvirus 1 in Slovenia

et al. 2021

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In the 1950s, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IBR/IPV) disease was clinically detected and documented in cattle for the first time in Slovenia. The bovine herpes virus 1 (BoHV-1) was confirmed several times from infected herds by virus isolation on cell cultures. To keep the IC virus-free, high biosecurity measures were introduced. Before entering the IC, all calves are serologically tested and quarantined. Bulls in Slovenian insemination centres (IC) have been negative for IBR /IPV infection since 1979. From 1985 to 1991, few large-scale studies of the prevalence of IBR/IPV were carried out. In 1985, a high percentage (56.9%) of serologically positive animals were found in large state farms with Holstein Friesian cattle. Epidemiological studies in farm with bulls' mother herds were also carried out in the farms with Simmental and Brown cows. Antibodies against BoHV-1 were detected in the serum of 2.3% of Brown cattle and 3.5% of Simmental cattle. In the year 2000, 3.4% of bulk tank milk samples from 13,349 dairy farms were detected BoHV-1 antibodies positive. The highest percentage of positive animals was found in regions with an intensive grazing system (6.2% positive) and the lowest percentage in the east part of Slovenia (0.9% positive) on farms with mostly Simmental cattle. In 2006, a total 204,662 sera of cattle older than 24 months were tested for the presence of BoHV-1 antibodies and positive cattle were detected in 3.6% of tested farms. These farms kept 34,537 animals that were potential carriers of the BoHV-1. Most of the positive farms kept Holstein Friesian cattle, descendants from the state-owned farms, which were privatised or closed after 1990. In 2015, the Administration of the Republic of Slovenia for Food Safety, Veterinary and Plant Protection issued a rule that describes the conditions for granting and maintaining the status of BoHV-1 free holdings. The rule provides a voluntary control programme for breeders who want to obtain BoHV-1 free status and are willing to cover all the cost of acquiring and maintaining that status. There has been very little response from breeders.

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Epidemiologically non-feasible singleton reactors at the final stage of BoHV1 eradication: Serological evidence of BoHV2 cross-reactivity

Cited by 14 publications

References 4 publications

Proof of Proficiency of Decentralized Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Diagnostics in Germany

Proof of Proficiency of Decentralized Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Diagnostics in Germany

Development and validation of an indirect ELISA as a confirmatory test for surveillance of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in vaccinated herds

Review of Infections With Bovine Herpesvirus 1 in Slovenia

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