Epidemiological surveillance of tegumentary leishmaniasis: local territorial analysis

Abstract

OBJECTIVETo propose a new operational unit in the locality scale capable of subsidizing the construction of an information system to control the transmission of tegumentary leishmaniasis at this scale, in a region of high endemicity of the Atlantic Forest.METHODSWe examined the adequacy of data and instruments in an area of high endemicity in the Atlantic Forest located in the South of the State of Rio de Janeiro from 1990 to 2012. The study proposed an operational unit called Local Surveillance Unit to make all used databases compatible by adjusting census sectors. This enabled the overlap and comparison of information in different periods.RESULTSThe spreading process of the transmission of tegumentary leishmaniasis in the Baía da Ilha Grande region does not depend on great population movements, and can occur in areas with population growth or decrease. The data information system allowed the adequate identification and characterization of the place of residence. We identified relevant characteristics of the place of transmission, such as self-limited in time and not associated with recent deforestation. The results also highlight the lack of synchronicity in the case production in territorial units involved in the endemic-epidemic process, noting that this process is in constant motion.CONCLUSIONSThe transmission process seems more connected to the presence and movement of rodents that move continuously in the region than to the local density of vectors or the permanence of infected dogs at home. New control strategies targeted at the foci of transmission must be considered. The construction of a new operational unit, called Local Surveillance Unit, was instrumental in the endemic-epidemic process analysis.

Identification of priority areas for surveillance of cutaneous leishmaniasis using spatial analysis approaches in Southeastern Brazil

“…The monitoring of municipalities classified as high priority for surveillance is important because these municipalities may influence their neighbors, and spreading of reservoir hosts or vectors for CL may take place, as reported, for example, for the state of Rio de Janeiro [36]. One important factor for the increase of incidence rates and expansion of high priority areas for CL could be migration of reservoir hosts to the close vicinity of housing, as was already reported for Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro [14, 36]. Importantly, one of those studies indicated that the expansion of CL between neighboring municipalities or even smaller geographical units occurred independently from deforestation or human migration [36].…”

Leishmaniose Cutânea E Seus Novos Levantamentos Sobre Perfis Epidemiológicos Dos Reservatórios E Tratamentos Tópicos: Relato De Caso / Leishmaniose Cutânea and Its New Surveys on Epidemiological Profiles of Reservoirs and Topical Treatments: Case Report

“…De acordo com o padrão de infecção, sugere-se que os reservatórios estejam em constante movimento, e que é difícil definir o padrão de propagação pelo transporte de humanos, cães, gatos e roedores sinantrópicos. Acredita-se que os sinantrópicos sejam os principais fatores de ampliação da transmissão no peridomicílio (SOARES et al, 2017).…”

“…Contudo, observa-se que o modelo de contágio não é somente aquele ligado a exposição das pessoas as matas ou ao vetor que vem diretamente as residências. E sim, as características que envolvem as áreas de transição que são habitadas por homens e animais silvestres que veem nesses locais fonte de alimento (SOARES et al, 2017). O pressuposto de que o cão é o reservatório e causa para propagação da doença não tem se sustentando, sendo observado baixa transmissibilidade em algumas áreas, mesmo havendo cães infectados.…”

“…Os cães, gatos ou outros animais domésticos, assim como o homem, são acometidos pelas mesmas causas. (SOARES et al, 2017). Entretanto, uma vez, esse cão encontra-se infectado, apresentando ou não lesões cutâneas, possui carga parasitária e contamina o vetor ao ser picado (SILVA et al, 2016).…”

Nodular Lymphangitis (Sporotrichoid Lymphocutaneous Infections). Clues to Differential Diagnosis

“…Cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic in rural areas of Central and South America. Cutaneous leishmaniasis occurs as a rural and urban disease in the Middle East and in large parts of Africa and tropical and subtropical Asia [ 31 ]. The parasites are transmitted by sand fly bites, living on the ground.…”