Epidemiological Patterns of Animal Bites in the Najafabad, Center of Iran (2012–2017)

Abstract

Introduction Animal bites are a significant public health problem, with the majority of bites coming from dogs, cats and humans. These may presented as punctures, abrasions, tears, or avulsions [1]. In general, animals bite occur as a natural, instinctive behavior, especially when they feel threatened or try to get food. An animal bite can cause infection in victims (in both humans and other animals) [2]. One of the most important diseases transmitted by animal bites is rabies. Rabies is one of the most dangerous viral zoonosis, and all mammals can develop the disease [3, 4]. The cause of the disease is a viral nerve-related friend which is belonged to the Rhabdo virus family from the type of Lyssa virus. The disease is mainly transmitted through biting and sometimes through mucous tissue, respiratory tract, placenta, contaminated equipment and transplant organs [5, 6]. Rabies is found in two types of epidemiologic condition: of the city type that is principally released by dogs or rarely by cat species, and the wild type whose repository is wolf, fox, raccoon, weasel and bat because of its fatality, an increasing number of animal bites in human, the loss of livestock and economic damage that can produce by rabies, it is very important. About 97% of deaths from rabies are due to dog bite [7]. Rabies is one of the diseases that has been neglected. this disease is preventable by vaccine, and most deaths occur due to the lack of awareness and poor access to health care [8]. Also, animal bites have serious medical consequences such as the risk of rabies, stroke, wound infection and medical expenses for the health system [9, 10]. More than 2.5 million people worldwide are exposed to prophylaxis after being exposed to animal bites [11]. In addition to the financial costs of preventing and treating

Trend and epidemiological patterns of animal bites in Golestan province (Northern Iran) between 2017 and 2020

“…In the present study, 67% of the animal bites were reported from the rural community, which is consistent with most of the domestic data. However, in a study conducted in Abadeh, 57% of the bitten animal individuals were living in cities, which was not consistent with our study [ 8 , 9 , 11 – 13 ]. This issue can be due to the nature of rural occupations (husbandry and agriculture) as well as the presence of dogs in most rural households in the region.…”

“…In a review study conducted in Arab countries, the dog was found as the most important cause of transmitting the virus to humans, with the exception of Oman, where the fox was introduced as the most important cause of transmitting the virus [ 17 ]. In other domestic studies, dog was also reported as the most common bite cause, which was consistent with our study [ 9 , 11 – 13 , 18 ]. This matter can be due to the large presence of dogs as domesticated animals in different human communities with different uses.…”

“…as the most important cause of transmitting the virus [17]. In other domestic studies, dog was also reported as the most common bite cause, which was consistent with our study [9,[11][12][13]18]. This matter can be due to the large presence of dogs as domesticated animals in different human communities with different uses.…”

“…Our data showed that the most animal bites in Golestan occurred in men. Animal bites have also been reported more commonly in men in other Iranian studies [8][9][10][11][12][13]. In some countries, the rate is higher among women [14], probably reflecting economic and behavioral differences.…”

Epidemiological Characteristic of Animal Bite and Direct Economic Burden of Rabies Vaccination in the Southern of Iran

“…In the present study, most of the bite sites were observed in the hand (27.46%) which was in line with the results of other investigations in this field (Amiri et al, 2020;Janatolmakan et al, 2020). However, in a number of studies, the leg was reported as the most injured member (Abedi et al, 2019;Kassiri et al, 2014a;Sharafi et al, 2016) this difference was due the difference in the anatomic categorization in these studies.…”