Trend and epidemiological patterns of animal bites in Golestan province (Northern Iran) between 2017 and 2020

Bay, Vahid; Jafari, Mehdi; Shirzadi, Mohammad Reza; Bagheri, Ali; Asl, Iravan Masoudi

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0252058

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…The study area has a higher rate than the national average, with 385.3 compared to 282 per 100 000 people. 6 , 7 The animal bite rate in the study area was similar to those reported in known high-risk populations in lower- and middle-income countries. For example, Mexico reported 273/100 000 people, 8 and Kenya reported 234/100 000 people.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Trends in Animal Bites and Rabies-related Deaths in Northern Iran: Implications for Public Health Interventions

davoudikiakalayeh,

Gharib,

Mohammadi

et al. 2024

Arch Iran Med

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Background: Rabies remains a public health problem in middle-income countries like Iran, despite being preventable. This study aimed to evaluate the six-year incidence of animal bites in the southern Caspian Sea region from 2016 to 2022, and focus on estimating the direct costs of animal bite cases using the incidence-based method. Methods: A multicenter, registry-based study was conducted using surveillance data of animal bites. Results: Of the 40922 cases reported during the study period, 65.9% were male and 34.1% were female. Animal bites were most frequent among individuals over 50 years of age (23.5%), while children under 10 years of age had the lowest frequency of animal bites (2.3%). Animal bites were most common in June. Dogs were responsible for 33277 (81%) cases, cats for 5,624 (13.7%) cases, cows for 1054 (2.5%) cases, and other animals for the remaining cases. During the six-year study period, four deaths due to rabies were reported in the study area. The annual bite incidence rate was 386.3 per 100000 people in northern Iran. The males-to-female ratio was highest in 2019 (M/F ratio=2.4, 95% CI=1.2‒3.4). Conclusion: The elderly are at higher risk of animal bites, especially in rural areas. It is important to emphasize the use of protective clothing, washing wounds with soap water and rabies vaccination as initial treatment. Targeted vaccination efforts for eligible animals should be prioritized to minimize unnecessary financial burden. Educating farmers about rabies prevention programs, especially in cases of cow bites, is also important.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Trends in Animal Bites and Rabies-related Deaths in Northern Iran: Implications for Public Health Interventions

davoudikiakalayeh,

Gharib,

Mohammadi

et al. 2024

Arch Iran Med

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“…This study is compatible with the literature, and the lower extremities were determined as the anatomical region most frequently exposed to dog bites [2,16,12,21,22]. However, in some studies, hand and upper extremity bites were observed more frequently [14,15,17,18,23].…”

Section: Discussi̇onsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…However, most studies have reported that dog bites are more common in the paediatric age group [2,5,[12][13][14][15]. This may be related to Men are more often affected by dog bites [2,[15][16][17][18]. The current study found that bites are almost three times more common in men than in women,which is consistent with the literature.…”

Section: Discussi̇onsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Epidemiological characteristics, seasonality, trends of dog bite injuries, and relationship with meteorological data

Yılmaz¹,

Delice²,

Yılmaz³

2023

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Introduction and Objective. Animal bites are among the most critical in public health problems. Dogs are the leading cause of bite injuries. The study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and clinical features of dog bite cases admitted to an emergency department, as well as their temporal trends, seasonality, and tr relationship with meteorological data. Materials and method. Study data comprised eight years (2012-2019) emergency room records of a tertiary center. Demographic characteristics of the cases, bite anatomical area, treatment applied, hospitalization, and death rates were determined. The incidence rates and distribution of meteorological data by years were examined using ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis tests. Seasonality and temporal trends were investigated for incidence rates using the additive decomposition technique. The temporal relationship of incidence rates with meteorological data was evaluated using the Autoregressive Distributed Delayed Boundary Test. Causality verification was perfoirmed using the Granger test. Results. Dog bite cases consisted of 1,335 records of partients with a mean age of 26.6±0.2 years. Bite cases were most common in the 20-44 age group (44.7%), males (76.4%), and lower extremities (48.2%). The frequency of hospitalization was 4.1%. Annual incidence rates ranged from 52.7-49.9/100,000, with a non-significant increasing trend. The incidence of bites had two peaks, in June and August. A co-integration relationship was observed between incidence rates and air temperature and humidity levels (p<0.001). Conclusions. Effective implementation of prevention programmes is needed for high-risk demographic groups. In addition, a national monitoring and reporting system could evaluate the effectiveness of any prevention programme and reduce the incedence of dog bites.

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“…DCBs can occur in private or public places and urban or rural areas. The risk factors are various, including the dog or cat, the owner or victim, the natural environment, and other factors ( Bay et al, 2021 ; Campagna et al, 2023 ; Chen et al, 2018 ). Indeed, many issues can be considered for minimizing the risk factors such as specific factors (sex, castration/spay status, breed), victim factors (age, gender, familiarity with dog and cat, victim behavior), the relationship between the victim and the animals, the time and place of occurrence, meteorological factors, air pollution factors, etc ( Caffrey et al, 2019 ; Chevalier et al, 2021 ; Park et al, 2019 ; Zangari et al, 2021 )…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-series analysis of meteorological factors and emergency department visits due to dog/cat bites in Jinshan area, China

Pang,

Zhou,

et al. 2024

PeerJ

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Background Meteorological factors play an important role in human health. Clarifying the occurrence of dog and cat bites (DCBs) under different meteorological conditions can provide key insights into the prevention of DCBs. Therefore, the objective of the study was to explore the relationship between meteorological factors and DCBs and to provide caution to avoid the incidents that may occur by DCBs. Methods In this study, data on meteorological factors and cases of DCBs were retrospectively collected at the Shanghai Climate Center and Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, respectively, in 2016–2020. The distributed lag non-linear and time series model (DLNM) were used to examine the effect of meteorological elements on daily hospital visits due to DCBs. Results A total of 26,857 DCBs were collected ranging from 1 to 39 cases per day. The relationship between ambient temperature and DCBs was J-shaped. DCBs were positively correlated with daily mean temperature (rs = 0.588, P < 0.01). The relative risk (RR) of DCBs was associated with high temperature (RR = 1.450; 95% CI [1.220–1.722]). Female was more susceptible to high temperature than male. High temperature increased the risk of DCBs. Conclusions The extremely high temperature increased the risk of injuries caused by DCBs, particularly for females. These data may help to develop public health strategies for potentially avoiding the occurrence of DCBs.

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Trend and epidemiological patterns of animal bites in Golestan province (Northern Iran) between 2017 and 2020

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Trends in Animal Bites and Rabies-related Deaths in Northern Iran: Implications for Public Health Interventions

Trends in Animal Bites and Rabies-related Deaths in Northern Iran: Implications for Public Health Interventions

Epidemiological characteristics, seasonality, trends of dog bite injuries, and relationship with meteorological data

Time-series analysis of meteorological factors and emergency department visits due to dog/cat bites in Jinshan area, China

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