Epidemiological Evaluation of Breast Cancer in Ecological areas of Kazakhstan - Association with Pollution Emissions

Abstract

The aim of the research was to evaluate the incidence of breast cancer in the ecological areas of Kazakhstan and assess the potential . A retrospective study of 11 years (1999 to 2009) was conducted using descriptive and analytical methods. The incidence of breast cancer was the lowest in the Aral-Syr Darya area (18.6±0.80/100,000), and highest in the Irtysh area (48.9±1.90/100,000), with an increasing trends over time in almost all areas. A direct strong correlation between the degree of contamination with high pollution emissions in the atmosphere from stationary sources and the incidence of breast cancer (r=0.77±0.15; р=0.026). The results indicate an increasing importance of breast cancer in Kazakhstan and an etiological role for environmental pollution.

Epidemiological Assessment of Leukemia in Kazakhstan, 2003-2012

“…and null genotypes of both GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes may confer elevated risk of chronic myeloid leukaemia (Bhat et al, 2012), implying carcinogen involvement. It is of clear intest that earlier studies of breast cancer showed highest incidences where pollution was highest, including Pavlodar (Bilyalova et al, 2012). Similarly laryngeal cancer demonstrates highest incidences in North Kazakhstan and Pavlodar (Igissinov 2013a), like leukemia here.…”

Breast Cancer Diagnosis by Mammography in Kazakhstan - Staging Results of Breast Cancer with Double Reading

“…Whether there might be any correlate between rates of cancer positives and screenees by geographical location in Kazakhstan should also be assessed, taking into consideration the findings of Bilyalova et al (2012).…”

“…Reported risk factors include unfavorable living conditions, chronic stress, unilateral breastfeeding, breastfeeding less than 3 months and over 2 years, abortions, and hereditary predisposition (Toleutay et al, 2013). In addition, a direct strong correlation between the degree of contamination with high pollution emissions in the atmosphere from stationary sources and the incidence of breast cancer has been described (Bilyalova et al, 2012). The situation in Central Asia may be complicated by higher rates in Russians than Turkic inhabitants.…”

Risk Factors of Breast Cancer in Kyzylorda Oblast of Kazakhstan: a Case-Control Study

“…According to the last publications, trends in incidence of major forms of cancer were studied in Aral-Syr Darya ecological area of Kazakhstan and high growth rates of BC were revealed (Igissinov et al, 2011), also the correlation of BC with air pollution was found (Bilyalova et al, 2012). There were no studies on risk factors of BC in Kazakhstan.…”