Epidemiological Aspects of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis during 2009-2016 in Kashan City, Central Iran

Abstract

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) can be seen in 2 forms, zoonotic and anthroponotic, in Iran. In this study, epidemiological aspects of CL were studied during an 8-year period (2009–2016) in city of Kashan, central Iran. The demographic and epidemiological data, including age, sex, occupation, number and site of the lesions, treatment regimen, past history of CL, and season of all patients were gathered from the health centers. Descriptive statistics were used to describe features of the study data. Total 2,676 people with CL were identified. The highest annual incidence was estimated to be 182 per 100,000 population in 2009 and the least was in 2016 (47 per 100,000 population). The highest frequency affected age groups were observed in 20–29 year-old patients (20.9%). More than 51% of the patients were under 30 years old. The maximum frequency of the disease, 1,134 (43.3%), was seen in autumn. The most common location of lesions was hands (61.4%). Most of the patients (81.6%) were treated by systemic glucantime regimen. In the city of Kashan, the incidence rate of the CL disease is significantly higher than many other regions of Iran. To reduce the risk of disease, control of reservoir hosts and vectors of disease, and education of individual protection are strongly recommended.

Epidemiological Study of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Neyshabur County, East of Iran (2011-2017)

“…Based on findings of the study in terms of age, the minimum age of 7 months and the highest age of 90 years had CL; the highest frequency (20.7%) was observed in the age group of 0-10 years probably due to the higher prevalence among the students. Our findings were inconsistent with studies in Kashan, Kermanshah and Fars [25], [26], [27]. Based on analyses, prevalence in age groups depended on the residence (p < 0.04,  (Spearman Correlation) = -0.031), gender (p < 0.001,  = 0.105) and occupation (p < 0.001,  = -0.091).…”

“…The incidence of disease in urban regions (59.5%) was higher than in rural regions (40.5%), and a significant difference was found between habitat in terms of the prevalence of CL (P < 0.001). Results of our study were inconsistent with a study by Doroodgar in Kashan [26] and Mohammadi's study in Marvdasht [30] and a study by Rahmanian in Jahrom; there was a higher prevalence in villages [29]. Due to its increasing prevalence in urban areas relative to rural areas, there was a need for health and education measures in these regions.…”

“…In this study, both sexes were susceptible to CL disease; and the results of the study did not show any significant relationship between gender and disease (P = 0.29). Studies in Iran in cities, such as Kermanshah, Kashan, and Fars province reported similar findings [25], [26], [27] but studies in Fasa city of Fars province and Jahrom different reports [28], [29].…”

Epidemiological Trend of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in an Endemic Focus Disease During 2009-2016, Central Iran

“…The incidence time graph of the CL disease in the 8 years period study, showed an increase and decrease in CL incidence during this study. Other investigations have reported similar findings (15,24,(26)(27)(28)(29)(30).…”

Chronic Skin Lesions as the Presentation of Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the HIV-infected Woman: A Case Report and Review of Literatures

“…Nowadays, CL is known as a public health problem that affects more than 60 countries around the world, particularly those located in tropical and subtropical regions [3]. According to the available epidemiologic data, Brazil, Afghanistan, Syria, Iran, Pakistan, Algeria, Peru, Colombia, and GMJ.2019;8:e1294 www.gmj.ir Saudi Arabia have the most prevalence of CL [4]. Clinical manifestations of CL are usually limited to the skin, and affected patients do not experience any other symptoms [3].…”