Epidemiological Trend of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in an Endemic Focus Disease During 2009-2016, Central Iran

Abstract

Amaç: Kutanöz leishmaniasis (KL), tropik ve subtropik bölgelerde görülen sık parazitik enfeksiyonlardan biridir ve İran'daki önemli sağlık sorunlarındandır. İsfahan Bölgesi'ndeki Aran va Bidgol şehrinde KL'yi epidemiyolojik açıdan araştırmak için bu çalışmayı Orta İran'da yaptık. Yöntemler: Bu kesitsel çalışma 2009 ve 2016 yılları arasında 8 yıllık dönemde yapıldı. Bütün hastalardan smear alındı ve ışık mikroskobu ile incelendi. Sağlık merkezlerine yönlendirilen KL tanılı hastaların temel demografik ve klinik bilgileri toplandı ve SPSS programı ile analiz edildi. Bulgular: Dokuz yüz yirmi altı KL tanısı konmuş hastanın 542'si (%58,5) erkek, 384'ü (%41,5) kadındı. KL erkeklerde daha fazlaydı (%58,5). En yüksek ve en düşük KL insidansı 100000'de 238,5 ve 44,2 ile sırasıyla 2009 ve 2016'da saptanmıştır. En yüksek insidans %26,3 ile 0-9 yaş grubu hastalarda saptandı. Sonbahar en sık hasta görülen mevsimdi (%54). En çok lezyon ellerde görüldü (%44,7). Hastaların %65,4'ü sistemik glucantime rejimi ile tedavi edildi. Sonuç: Çalışmamızın sonuçlarına göre, 8 senelik dönemde KL insidansı düşme trendinde olsa da halen KL insidansı yüksektir. Bu, telaşlandırıcı bir durumdur; hastalığın kontrolü ve önlenmesi için dikkatli bir planlama yapılması oldukça önemlidir.

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Analyses in an Endemic Focus in Southwest Iran (2016-2020)

“…Both men and women of all ages were afflicted with CL; however, it was more prevalent in men (54.7%) than women (54.3%). Similar findings have been published throughout the country and worldwide (9,14,(22)(23)(24)(25)(26). Men are more likely to get sand fly bites than women because they wear fewer garments and participate in more outside activities such as sports and night employment, which exposes them to more sand fly bites (9,23,24).…”

“…Many different types of leishmaniasis exist, including visceral, mucocutaneous, and cutaneous forms.CL is typically scarring when it is relatively basic, but it is not hazardous if left untreated; nevertheless, even when treated, mucocutaneous and diffuse cutaneous illness may develop in lethal secondary infections (7). Patients with CL may suffer from psychological and social problems, even though the disease is typically self-healing and does not threaten their lives (3,8,9). Leishmania species and the host's immunological response determine the infection period (acute to long-term) and its severity (6).…”

“…Numerous more factors affect those who live in poverty, including hunger, population shifts, insufficient infrastructure, weakened immune systems, and an absence of financial resources (2). Iran reports around 20 000 CL cases every year, according to one study, but the researchers believe the accurate figure is four to five times greater (9,14). In earlier research, CL was classified into zoonotic (caused by Leishmania major) and anthroponotic (caused by Leishmania tropica) types, as well as wet and dry lesions in Iran's rural and urban regions, respectively (14,15).…”

Determination of the trend of incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Kerman province 2014-2020 and forecasting until 2023. A time series study

“…In present work, we studied the trend of cutaneous leishmaniasis from 2014 to 2020 in Kerman province, an endemic area of leishmaniasis in Iran and evaluated the relation between metrological factors and disease incidence. Our findings indicate an overall seasonal decreasing trend of CL incidence within the study period which is in line with the decreasing pattern of disease in different parts of Iran [ 10 – 12 ]. Global warming, reduced rainfall, extension of preventive interventions, increased access to diagnostic and treatment facilities may all be contributing to this reduction.…”

“…However, in a study conducted in 2003 in Pakistan [ 14 ], as well as two separate studies conducted during 2007–2016 in west of Iran and in 2016 in southwest of Iran [ 15 , 16 ] a peak was shown during the winter. Another study conducted during 2009–2016 in central region of Iran indicate the higher incidence in the autumn and winter [ 12 ]. The common finding of most of these studies with our study is that the higher incidence of infection was seen in humid seasons including spring, autumn and winter where increased humidity may provide a suitable condition for the growth and reproduction of mosquitoes.…”