Epidemic Polyarthritis in Northeastern Australia, 1978–1979

Aaskov, John; Ross, P. W.; Davies, C. E. A.; Innis, M.D.; Guard, Roger W.; Stallman, N. D.; Tucker, M.

doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1981.tb132047.x

Cited by 43 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…These differences mainly occurred in adulthood, which may be related to the different occupational and recreational activities of men and women. This is consistent with a number of seroprevalence studies 30,[36][37][38][39] and suggests that there is a need to better determine the type and location of activities that specifically put men or women at higher risk than each other in specific populations.…”

Section: Infectious Diseases Ross River and Barmah Forest Virus Diseasupporting

confidence: 88%

“…We consider this to be crucial, particularly as seroprevalence studies estimate levels of immunity in tropical populations to be around 50% or higher. 31,36,42 With these levels of immunity, the actual risk to nonimmunes doubles. There is a need for current regional RR and BF virus seroprevalence data, so that rates calculated on an immunity-adjusted population may provide better estimates of risk in the different climatic and biophysical regions in Queensland.…”

Section: Kelly-hope Et Al Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

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Infectious Disease: The risk of Ross River and Barmah Forest virus disease in Queensland: Implications for New Zealand

Kelly-Hope

Kay

Purdie

et al. 2002

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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Objectives: To describe the incidence of Ross River (RR) and Barmah Forest (BF) virus disease in Queensland and determine the risk of importation of RR virus from Queensland into New Zealand (NZ) via viraemic travellers. Methods: Based on routine RR and BF virus notification data of seven major urban tropical and subtropical Queensland populations, incidence rates adjusted for age, sex, season and a baseline level of immunity were used to examine the annual and seasonal risk of disease in the specific populations and selected subgroups. The risk for NZ was determined by estimating the number of infections among major visitor groups travelling from Queensland to NZ, using seroconversion rates. Results: In Queensland, annual rates of RR and BF virus disease ranged between 31.5-288.3 and 3.4-37.4/100,000 person years respectively and increased to between 48.4-423.5 and 3.8-40.4/100,000 person years at risk when adjusted for immunity. Our estimates indicate that more than 100 viraemic travellers may enter NZ from Queensland each year. Estimates were greatest among New Zealanders returning home. Conclusions and implications:Usefulness of notification data could be maximised by presenting more detailed information to the local governments responsible for the control and public health awareness of these pathogens. Given the high number of viraemic persons entering NZ, the abundance of possums and the emergence of Oc. camptorhynchus, transmission of RR virus within NZ is probable. Health authorities should prepare for a virgin soil epidemic of RR virus by initiating serological and clinical surveillance in key areas, enhance public and professional awareness and elevate national resources necessary to invoke emergency vector control and case management.

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Section: Infectious Diseases Ross River and Barmah Forest Virus Diseasupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Kelly-hope Et Al Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious Disease: The risk of Ross River and Barmah Forest virus disease in Queensland: Implications for New Zealand

Kelly-Hope

Kay

Purdie

et al. 2002

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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“…6). Other report^^','^ have emphasised a female predominance and suggested that, at least in northern Queensland, human-to-human transmission by mosquitoes occurs with urban housewives at higher risk.6 of infection in the three dissimilar regions of the municipality.…”

Section: Aust Nz J Med 1986; 16mentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbovirus Infection in a Murray Valley Comunity

Fraser

Christie

Gust

et al. 1986

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine

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Serum antibodies to Ross River virus and Murray Valley encephalitis virus were measured during 1974-1975 in residents of Echuca, an urban Murray Valley community. A representative group of volunteers was obtained by random selection of households. The prevalence of antibodies to both viruses increased progressively with age. Prevalence was equal in both sexes for both viruses in all age groups, indicating that the risk of infection was mainly determined by geography rather than by personal activities. Antibody levels remained unchanged in the following year when there was no disease activity in the area. The stability of antibody levels permitted retrospective estimates of mean rates of infection. These were approximately 0.4% per annum for both viruses when age was used as the index for years of exposure. With allowance for other factors, the best estimate for both virus infections is probably closer to 1%. The morbidity rate for Ross River virus infection appeared to be low. It is concluded that infection with Ross River virus and with Murray Valley encephalitis-related viruses is endemic in the Murray Valley.

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“…In temperate southern Australia RRV activity exhibits spring-summer seasonality, associated with seasonal climatic conditions and vector populations 11,54–58. In tropical northern Australia seasonality of RRV is less pronounced, reflecting more stable environmental conditions for breeding of vectors 44,45,59,60…”

Section: Examples Of Vector-borne Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental monitoring to enhance comprehension and control of infectious diseases

et al. 2010

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In a world of emerging and resurging infectious diseases, dominated by zoonoses, environmental monitoring plays a vital role in our understanding their dynamics and their spillover to humans. Here, we critically review the ecology, epidemiology and need for monitoring of a variety of directly transmitted (Sin Nombre virus, Avian Influenza) and vector-borne (Ross River virus, West Nile virus, Lyme disease, anaplasmosis and babesiosis) zoonoses. We focus on the valuable role that existing monitoring plays in the understanding of these zoonoses, the demands for new monitoring, and how improvements can be made to existing monitoring. We also identify the fruitful outcomes which would result from implementation of the monitoring demands we have highlighted. This review aims to promote improvements in our understanding of zoonoses, their management, and public health by encouraging discussion among researchers and public health officials.

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Epidemic Polyarthritis in Northeastern Australia, 1978–1979

Cited by 43 publications

References 15 publications

Infectious Disease: The risk of Ross River and Barmah Forest virus disease in Queensland: Implications for New Zealand

Infectious Disease: The risk of Ross River and Barmah Forest virus disease in Queensland: Implications for New Zealand

Arbovirus Infection in a Murray Valley Comunity

Environmental monitoring to enhance comprehension and control of infectious diseases

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