Infectious Disease: The risk of Ross River and Barmah Forest virus disease in Queensland: Implications for New Zealand

Kelly-Hope, Louise A.; Kay, Brian H.; Purdie, David M.; Williams, Gail

doi:10.1111/j.1467-842x.2002.tb00274.x

Cited by 48 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…RRV is a small, enveloped, positivesense single-stranded RNA virus transmitted by mosquitoes (2,3). RRV disease (RRVD) in humans commonly affects the ankles, knees, and peripheral joints.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Arthritogenic alphaviral infection perturbs osteoblast function and triggers pathologic bone loss

Chen

Foo

Rulli

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

111

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Arthritogenic alphaviruses including Ross River virus (RRV), Sindbis virus, and chikungunya virus cause worldwide outbreaks of musculoskeletal disease. The ability of alphaviruses to induce bone pathologies remains poorly defined. Here we show that primary human osteoblasts (hOBs) can be productively infected by RRV. RRV-infected hOBs produced high levels of inflammatory cytokine including IL-6. The RANKL/OPG ratio was disrupted in the synovial fluid of RRV patients, and this was accompanied by an increase in serum Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP5b) levels. Infection of bone cells with RRV was validated using an established RRV murine model. In wild-type mice, infectious virus was detected in the femur, tibia, patella, and foot, together with reduced bone volume in the tibial epiphysis and vertebrae detected by microcomputed tomographic (μCT) analysis. The RANKL/OPG ratio was also disrupted in mice infected with RRV; both this effect and the bone loss were blocked by treatment with an IL-6 neutralizing antibody. Collectively, these findings provide previously unidentified evidence that alphavirus infection induces bone loss and that OBs are capable of producing proinflammatory mediators during alphavirus-induced arthralgia. The perturbed RANKL/OPG ratio in RRV-infected OBs may therefore contribute to bone loss in alphavirus infection.Interleukin-6 | Ross River virus disease | viral arthritis | osteoclastogenesis A rthritogenic alphaviruses including Ross River virus (RRV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Sindbis virus (SINV), o'nyongnyong virus (ONNV), and Barmah Forest virus (BFV) are classified under the genus Alphavirus ("Old World" alphaviruses) of the Togaviridae family (1). RRV is a small, enveloped, positivesense single-stranded RNA virus transmitted by mosquitoes (2, 3). RRV disease (RRVD) in humans commonly affects the ankles, knees, and peripheral joints. The hallmarks of RRVD include incapacitating joint pain and polyarthralgias, with a level of disability comparable to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (4, 5). Similar to RA, the onset of RRVD can be sudden and debilitating, and the prolonged manifestations of RRVD in some patients have been proposed to be due to the actions of proinflammatory mediators including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2; monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (CCL2; MCP-1) (6-8).Recently, bone lesions in joints of CHIKV-infected patients have been reported (9), providing evidence that alphavirusinduced disease can result in bone pathologies (10, 11). In physiological conditions, osteoblasts (OBs) form bone, and this cell lineage also expresses both receptor activator of nuclear factorkappaB ligand (RANKL) and its soluble decoy receptor, osteoprotegerin (OPG). The expression of RANKL by the OB lineage is stimulated by IL-6 and IL-1β among other proinflammatory cytokines (12, 13), whereas CCL2 is thought to be an important chemoattractant for monocytic precursors during inflammatory processes (14,15). Together with an elevation in RANKL/OPG...

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“…RRV is a small, enveloped, positivesense single-stranded RNA virus transmitted by mosquitoes (2,3). RRV disease (RRVD) in humans commonly affects the ankles, knees, and peripheral joints.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Arthritogenic alphaviral infection perturbs osteoblast function and triggers pathologic bone loss

Chen

Foo

Rulli

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

111

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“…18 Kelly-Hope et al estimated that each year more than 100 people entered New Zealand from Queensland, Australia, with clinical or subclinical infections of RRV. 19 The risk of local transmission is greatly increased by the presence of another Australian mosquito well established in New Zealand: Oc hlerotatus (Finlaya) notoscriptus Skuse. Laboratory transmission studies in New Zealand have indicated that Oc.…”

Section: Article Environmental Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This likelihood is increased by New Zealand's large urban and periurban populations of Brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula), which are competent intermediate hosts of RRV. 19,26 The population of possums now occupies more than 95% of New Zealand's land area and it is estimated to be as large as 70 million. 27 The presence of wallabies (Macropus spp.)…”

Section: Article Environmental Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Establish adequate response protocols to deal with imported cases of dengue, as well as RRV and other arboviruses, any or all of which could be established in Ne w Zealand by naturally occurring or exotic mosquitoes already established here. Most of the above recommendations have already been put forward in a repor t to the Minister of Biosecurity 39 and by KellyHope et al 19 In these da ys of international bioter rorism, establishment of a national diagnostic centre would be in the best interests of national security and, should there be a break in the existing barriers to virus introduction, would prevent untold human misery and eliminate or reduce severe economic losses.…”

Section: Conclusion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is New Zealand prepared to deal with arboviral diseases?

Derraik

Calisher

2004

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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To now, New Zealand has been spared arboviral diseases, except for the odd imported infection. However, two exotic vector mosquitoes (Ochlerotatus camptorhynchus and Ochlerotatus notoscriptus) have become established in New Zealand and the routine arrival of infected people from overseas may soon lead to local arboviral transmission. Large populations of wild wallabies and Brushtail possums could serve as reservoirs of Ross River virus and other arboviruses. Several other exotic mosquito species, including important disease vectors such as Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti, have already been intercepted in New Zealand. It is clear that increased border surveillance is necessary if we are to interdict the establishment of such species. We recommend several measures that should be adopted, including increased training and awareness of public health officials, clinicians and the general public, and taking appropriate steps to make New Zealand self‐sustainable in terms of arboviral surveillance, diagnosis, and prevention.

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“…In spite of a regular influx of viremic travellers, particularly from Australia (Kelly-Hope et al 2002;Derraik & Calisher 2004), only a single mosquito-borne virus circulating in New Zealand has been isolated (Holder et al 1999;Crump et al 2001). The Sindbis-like alphavirus Whataroa virus, also detected in Australia (Saleh et al 2004), but in New Zealand known only from the area around the town of Whataroa on the west coast of the South Island, was first detected in bird populations there in 1962 (Ross et al 1964;Maguire et al 1967).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whataroa virus four decades on: emerging, persisting, or fading out?

Tompkins

Paterson

Massey

et al. 2010

Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand

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Whataroa virus, first detected in 1962 in bird populations around Whataroa township, is the only mosquito-borne virus circulating in New Zealand that has been isolated. Even though at least one other mosquito-borne pathogen (avian malaria) has greatly increased in prevalence in New Zealand in recent decades, no surveillance for Whataroa virus in its vertebrate hosts has been carried out for four decades. This is of concern since Whataroa virus may infect humans, possibly causing influenza-like symptoms. Here we reassess the status of Whataroa virus in the same bird species in the same area where it was detected previously. Molecular diagnostics identified Whataroa virus in three out of 95 non-native birds screened: two out of eight song thrushes Turdus philomelos, and one out of nine blackbirds Turdus merula. The detection of virus in birds, in contrast with recent screening of mosquitoes, highlights how wildlife surveillance for pathogens can be far more effective than vector surveillance. Results of this survey indicate the virus has not increased substantially in prevalence since last monitored, possibly because of little change in the local mosquito vector community. Finally, virus detection in the two Turdus species alone supports earlier claims that these non-native hosts act as reservoirs that maintain the virus, sourcing spillover infections in other native and non-native species. A similar role for the blackbird in avian malaria epidemiology in New Zealand has also recently been hypothesized.

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Infectious Disease: The risk of Ross River and Barmah Forest virus disease in Queensland: Implications for New Zealand

Cited by 48 publications

References 29 publications

Arthritogenic alphaviral infection perturbs osteoblast function and triggers pathologic bone loss

Arthritogenic alphaviral infection perturbs osteoblast function and triggers pathologic bone loss

Is New Zealand prepared to deal with arboviral diseases?

Whataroa virus four decades on: emerging, persisting, or fading out?

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