Enzyme inhibitory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of ethanol fruit extract of Muntingia calabura Linn

Abstract

Introduction: Muntingia calabura is used for many medicinal advantages. So far, limited study has been done for the bioactivities of M.calabura fruit. The study aimed to investigate the enzyme inhibitory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of M.calabura fruit. Methods: Ethanol extract of M.calabura fruit was tested for its inhibitory enzyme activities against key enzymes linked to human pathologies, such as diabetes (α-glucosidase and α-amylase), hyperuricemia (xanthine oxidase), and obesity (lipase). The antioxidant properties were investigated using different in vitro assays (DPPH, CUPRAC, reducing power, phosphomolybdenum, metal chelating and DNA-Damage protection assays). The fruit was also evaluated for its antibacterial activity against several gram positive and negative bacteria. Results: The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extract were 10.85 mgGAE/g and 3.30 mg QE/g, respectively. The fruit extract showed good inhibition against α-glucosidase and α-amylase (IC50 16.74 and 46.49 µg/ml, respectively), with activities stronger than acarbose (100.38 and 152.46 µg/ml, respectively). It exhibited weak inhibitory activity against xanthine oxidase (IC50 0.91 mg/ml) and lipase (IC50 16.48 mg/ml), weaker than the references used for respective test (IC50 allopurinol 5.31 µg/ml and orlistat 0.17 µg/ml). The extract showed antibacterial activities againts Chromobacterium violaceum, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Escherichia coli. The ethanol extract showed weaker antioxidant activities, when compared to ascorbic acid and BHT. However, the extract was able to protect DNA-damage. Conclusions: The study concludes that M. calabura fruit exhibits antioxidant, antibacterial, and enzyme inhibitory properties, thus can be a good source for pharmacological uses.

The in-vitro Antioxidant Properties of Crude Drugs Traditionally Used for Diabetes Management in Northern Banyumas

“…Although Chinaberry leaves contained a low level of TFC in this study, some flavonoids, i.e., astragalin, kaempferol glycosides, Quercetin, and rutin, have been isolated from Chinaberry leaves (Kumazawa et al, 2013;Zeng et al, 2019). On the other hand, the TFC of Malayan cherry fruits collected from Jember, Indonesia (3.30 mg QE/g DW) was lower than our result (5.24±0.43 mg QE/g DW) (Simamora et al, 2020). Similar to our finding, Indonesian-originated Yacon leaves (Khajehei et al, 2017;Ramonah et al, 2020).…”

“…In addition to flavonoids, at least three phenolic compounds have been isolated from the Chinaberry tree, i.e., 1,7,8-trihydroxy-2naphtaldehyde; 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)phenyl β-D-glucoside; and benzyl 3-O-β-Dglucopyranosyl-7-hydroxybenzoate (Zeng et al, 2019). TPC of Malayan cherry fruits in this study (11.54±1.44 mg GAE/g DW) was higher than those collected in Thailand and Jember (1.11-5.19 and 10.85 mg GAE/g, respectively) but lower than those from South America (46.51±0.79-76.67±21.67 mg GAE/g) (Khajehei et al, 2017;Nasution et al, 2022;Simamora et al, 2020). Various phenolic compounds, i.e., caffeic acid, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, gallic acid, gentisic acid, gallocatechin, and protocatechuic acid, were characterized in the Brazilian-originated Malayan cherry fruits (Pereira et al, 2018).…”

Antibacterial activity of airborne fungal mediated nanoparticles in combination with Foeniculum vulgare essential oil

“…15, 10, 5, 2.0, 1.0, 0.5, and 0.25 µL, equal 1.5, 1, 0.5, 0.375, 0.25, 0.125, 0.05,0.025, 0.0125, and 0.00625 mg/mL for each, respectively. After 24 hours of incubation at 37ᵒC, the concentration that showed no visible growth was reported as MIC (30,31).…”

PENGARUH METODE EKSTRAKSI DAN POLARITAS PELARUT TERHADAP KADAR FENOLIK TOTAL DAUN KERSEN (Muntingia calabura L)

“…Metabolit sekunder dapat bersifat antiinflamasi, antipiretik, antibakteri, antiproliperatif, antioksidan, dan antihipertensi (Thirumurugan et al, 2018). Pada penelitian sebelumnya telah dilaporkan bahwa ekstrak daun kersen (Muntingia calabura L) menunjukkan aktivitas antimikroba (Buhian et al, 2016;Gurning et al, 2021;Surjowardojo et al, 2014), antibakteri (Simamora et al, 2020;Juariah et al, 2020) antioksidan (Pamungkas et al, 2016;Kumar et al, 2020;Prayitno & Rahim, 2020) antidiabetes (Syahara et al, 2019); dan berpotensi untuk menurunkan kadar kolesterol (Putri, et al, 2018) Daun kersen memiliki kandungan metabolit sekunder antara lain: tanin, sterols, alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, dan glikosida (Krishnaveni and Dhanalakshmi, 2014); alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin, dan steroid/terpenoid (Pamungkas, Anam and Kusrini, 2016) saponin dan alkaloid (Putri et al, 2018). Analisis fitokimia secara kuantitatif menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun kersen mengandung kadar tanin 0.0655±0.0002 mg/g.…”