Enzyme Immobilization Onto Biochar Produced by the Hydrothermal Carbonization of Biomass

Abstract

For improving enzyme utilization in biotechnological processes, process costs have to be reduced, enzyme stability during industrial processes should be enhanced, and the recycle and reuse step should be favorable. The immobilization of enzymes is an important step for enhancing enzyme catalytic properties and operational stability. In order to reduce the costs of immobilization and consequently the cost of processes, a cheaper carrier (e.g. materials reclaimed as by-products) should be used. To achieve this, cellulase from Trichoderma sp. was immobilized on biochar obtained by low temperature hydrothermal carbonization (LTHTC) in two ways: by adsorption and by covalent binding via a crosslinking agent. The effect of immobilization time, enzyme concentration, type and concentration of the crosslinking agent and the types of carrier-biochar (LTHTC of waste from olive oil production (LTHTC of OL waste) or LTHTC of cellulose) on the immobilization efficiency and the residual activity of biocatalyst was studied. Higher immobilization efficiency and residual enzyme activity was achieved when the enzyme was covalently bound to biochar obtained by LTHTC of cellulose.

Artificial Humic Substances as Biomimetics of Natural Analogues: Production, Characteristics and Preferences Regarding Their Use

“…(Figure 3, Table 2). The palette of applications can be very wide, and this has already been confirmed in current studies (Table 4) [99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117]. Analysis of the characteristics of artificial HSs from AW (Table 3) showed that it is possible to expect that they can be used in a similar or more effective manner in comparison with HSs from coal and peat.…”

“…Hydrochar from olive mill waste and cellulose [115] Enzyme immobilization Absorption immobilization of enzyme-20-30%…”

An Exploratory Study of Hydrochar as a Matrix for Biotechnological Applications

“…Recently, the use of laboratory-scale pressure-swing adsorption equipment introduced laboratory tests closer to the industrial situation, a strategy generally advisible for assessing the practical adsorptive potentiality of HC. Liquid-phase adsorption studies are the majority, especially in the removal of pollutants from wastewater. , More information about the interactions between HC and water-soluble proteins would be advisable. , However, the topic has potential for bulk biorefinery separation processes and innovative biocatalysis and nanoscale biomedical applications. This study enriches the specific research area and explores novel experimental approaches.…”

“…27,28 More information about the interactions between HC and water-soluble proteins would be advisable. 29,30 However, the topic has potential for bulk biorefinery separation processes and innovative biocatalysis and nanoscale biomedical applications. This study enriches the specific research area and explores novel experimental approaches.…”

Epoxy Functionalized Carboxymethyl Dextran Magnetic Nanoparticles for Immobilization of Alcohol Dehydrogenase

“…These methods include protein engineering, chemical modification and most commonly used immobilization. [7][8][9][10][11] Iron oxide nanoparticles are often used as nanocarriers for enzyme immobilization and present a promising tool in various medical fields, which has numerous clinical applications, such as targeted drug delivery, cell labelling, tissue repairment and various applications in biosensors. [12][13][14][15][16] Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have unique properties, such as superparamagnetism, large surface area and low toxicity.…”