Enzyme-catalyzed interesterification of triglycerides in supercritical carbon dioxide

Biocatalysis using lipase encapsulated in microemulsion-based organogels in supercritical carbon dioxide

“…Randolph et al [40] reported a linear increase of the enzymatic oxidation rate of cholesterol with increasing pressure when using scCO 2 saturated with the substrate. Miller et al [41,42] working with lipases in scCO 2 reported an increase of reaction rate with pressure as well. They both explained this fact by an increase of solubility of the substrates in the carbon dioxide.…”

Reactions at supercritical conditions: Applications and fundamentals

“…The classes of reactions studied most extensively in SCF solvents, however, have been esterification, interesterification, and transesterification reactions catalyzed by lipases. This extensive research into these systems has identified and elucidated the effects of many of the important variables, such as pressure (Miller et al, 1990(Miller et al, , 1991Erickson et al, 1990;Ikushima et al, 1993). Reaction rates in SC CO, and in organic solvents (typically hexane) have been compared (Martins et al, 1991;Bolz et al, 1991;Marty et al, 1990Marty et al, , 1992aKamat et al, 1992Kamat et al, , 1993Chi et al, 1988;Pasta et al, 1989).…”

“…Reaction rates in SC CO, and in organic solvents (typically hexane) have been compared (Martins et al, 1991;Bolz et al, 1991;Marty et al, 1990Marty et al, , 1992aKamat et al, 1992Kamat et al, , 1993Chi et al, 1988;Pasta et al, 1989). Kinetics parameters and reaction mechanisms have been reported (Miller et al, 1991;Bolz et al, 1991;Marty et al, 1992b;Dumont et al, 1992). The use of classical thermodynamics as a guide to understanding the effects of different solvents has been explored (Shen et al, 1992).…”

Biocatalysis in non-conventional media: Medium engineering aspects (Technical Report)

“…Although improved activity of enzymes in supercritical carbon dioxide compared to conventional organic solvents has often been reported (Chi et al, 1988, Randolph et al, 1988, Pasta et al, 1989, similar activity (Miller et al, 1992) as well as decreased activity have also been found (Vermue et al, 1992, Kamat et al, 1992a. In theory, supercritical fluids are expected to enhance the activity of enzymes in non-aqueous environments as a result of the high diffusivity of the bulk solvent, which diminishes external and internal mass-transfer limitations that occur in many conventional organic solvents (Kamat et al, 1992b, Russell andBeckman, 1991).…”