Reactions at supercritical conditions: Applications and fundamentals

Carbon materials and catalytic wet air oxidation of organic pollutants in wastewater

“…WAO performance can be improved by the addition of homogeneous [5,6] or heterogeneous [4] catalysts at subcritical conditions or at severe 'supercritical' operating conditions [7,8]. Alternatively, low temperature oxidation processes replace oxygen by stronger oxidants such as O 3 [9,10] or H 2 O 2 [9,11,12] in combination with an energy input to form reactive OH-radicals [13,14].…”

“…Alternatively, low temperature oxidation processes replace oxygen by stronger oxidants such as O 3 [9,10] or H 2 O 2 [9,11,12] in combination with an energy input to form reactive OH-radicals [13,14]. Several reviews on catalytic and non-catalytic WAO [4,5,[15][16][17][18][19], supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) [7,8,[20][21][22] and advanced oxidation processes (AOP) [23][24][25] are now available in literature.…”

“…Over the last 10-15 years, continuous SCWO technology proved to be an extremely powerful treatment for all kinds and concentration range of toxic organic wastewater [7,8,[20][21][22]. Related problems with corrosion and plant plugging due to salt precipitation were solved on laboratory scale leading to new reactor configurations termed hydrothermal burner [49] and Transpiring Wall Reactor [50].…”

On-Site Disposal of Hazardous Waste via Assisted Hydrothermal Oxidation.

“…Steps (1) and (-1) are the reversible sorption of the substrate at a site, and step (2) represents what is most likely a complex set of oxidative reactions, with k2 as the global rate constant.…”

“…Introduction Many of the key features of supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) have been developed and brought to a satisfactory level of understanding over the past several years, and detailed reviews of the topic have recently appeared [1,2]. The questions of oxygen partial pressure effects and reactor surface effects on reaction rates have remained rather equivocal issues, however.…”