Enzyme activities and histopathology of selected tissues in rats treated with potassium bromate.

Abstract

The effect of chronic administration of potassium bromate (KBrO 3 ), a flour improver, on some 'marker' enzymes of rat cellular system was investigated. The levels of these enzymes were measured progressively in the kidney, liver and small intestine, 24h after days 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 following the administration of 10mg/kg body weight of potassium bromate and when left for 10days without administration after their 20 daily doses. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activities of all the tissues were significantly (P<0.05) decreased in KBrO 3 treated groups with corresponding significant (P<0.05) increase in the serum enzymes. Acid phosphatase (ACP) activities of all the tissues as well as the serum enzyme activities were significantly (P<0.05) decreased. There was only recovery in the ACP activities of all the tissues. Histological examination revealed congestion of the central vein with blood cells in the hepatocytes, infiltration of the interstitial cells accompanied with acute nephritis in the nephrons and mild mucosal dysfunction in the small intestine. The alterations in the 'marker' enzymes as well as in the tissue histology are indications of adverse effect of potassium bromate on the cells which might be due to the presence of oxygen in the molecule leading to oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the ordered lipid bilayer of cell membranes. All these might be responsible for the various adverse effects associated with the chemical compound.

Annona muricata prevent hepatic fibrosis by enhancing lysosomal membrane stability and suppressing extracellular matrix protein accumulation

“…Fried et al (2001) also showed that patients who developed liver fibrosis from chronic veno-occlusive diseases are also presented with elevated hyaluronic levels. Other similar studies involving patients with hepatitis C also revealed a direct correla-tion between fibrosis in liver biopsies and elevated hyaluronic acid levels (Halfon et Akanji et al, 2008). In this study, there was a significantly increased level of ACP in the serum of DMNtreated rats compared to control and extract treated rats.…”

Chronic Toxicity Studies of Aqueous Leaf Extract of <i>Voacanga africana</i> in Wistar Rats

“…Hepatotoxic drugs cause damage to the liver cell membrane and these enzymes are leaked out into serum and shows increased activities (Kumar et al, 2004). In table 2, the present study showed that although there was no significant increase in AST and ALT enzymes, ALP was decreased significantly suggesting inhibition or inactivation of the enzyme by the extract (Akanji et al, 2008). However, the ALP values were still within the normal range (Wolford et al, 1986;Igbe et al, 2013) Serum protein and albumin assay are also used as reliable and sensitive indicators of liver function status since they are synthesized and metabolized in the liver (Ganong, 2001).…”

Toxicity profile of ethanolic extract of Azadirachta indica stem bark in male Wistar rats

“…Therefore, serum enzyme measurement provides a valuable tool in clinical diagnosis because it provides information on the effect and nature of pathological damage to the tissues [39] . The reduction in the activities of serum ALP, AST, ALT and GGT at varying doses could suggest inhibition or inactivation of the enzyme molecules [40] . Similarly, the elevated levels of ALP could constitute threat to the cells since the cells might be deprived of the much needed energy as a result of indiscriminate hydrolysis of the phosphate ester.…”

“…The stem bark was cut into pieces, oven-dried at 40 oC to a constant weight before being pulverized. The powdered stem bark (40 g) was extracted with ethanol for 72 h with constant shaking.…”