Environmental noise reduces predation rate in an aquatic invertebrate

Villalobos-Jiménez, Giovanna; Dunn, Alison M.; Hassall, Christopher

doi:10.1007/s10841-017-0023-y

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Based on the statistical test to determine the functional response type (function frair_test , Appendix S3), we fitted the predation rates with the type II Rogers' random predator equation accounting for prey depletion (function frair_fit ) to estimate the search rate a (L/day) and handling time h (day):

N_{normale} = N_{0} (1 ‐ \exp^{‐ a (t ‐ N_{normale} h)}),

where N e is the number of prey eaten, N 0 is the initial prey density and t is the total duration of the predation trial (in days). Due to an extremely high standard error of search rate in one of the 12 treatment groups, we removed 5 (out of 67) data points whose residuals were >2 interquartiles below the first or above the third quantiles (Villalobos‐Jiménez et al., 2017). The fitted functional response curves were bootstrapped ( n = 999) to visualize 95% confidence intervals (function frair_boot ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal evolution ameliorates the long‐term plastic effects of warming, temperature fluctuations and heat waves on predator–prey interaction strength

et al. 2021

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How thermal evolution may affect trophic interactions and its implications for trophic system stability remains unstudied. To advance insights in how global warming shapes trophic interactions, we need to consider besides increases in mean temperatures, also daily thermal fluctuations (DTF) and heat waves (HW), and how their effects are modulated by thermal evolution. Using a common‐garden approach, we tested how each thermal factor affected predator metabolic rate and functional response parameters, and used these responses to predict long‐term predator–prey interaction strength between larvae of the damselfly Ischnura elegans and the water flea Daphnia magna. Using high‐ and low‐latitude predator populations with the latter being exposed to higher mean temperatures, higher DTF and more frequent HW, we assessed the potential impact of thermal evolution at the high latitude using a space‐for‐time substitution. In line with thermal adaptation, growth rates were faster and handling times shorter in low‐latitude compared to high‐latitude larvae at 24°C while the opposite was true at 20°C. Warming weakened the long‐term interaction strength, except for the high‐latitude trophic system at DTF and HW where plastic responses therefore may not stabilize the high‐latitude system. This extends the emerging insight that temperature variation may make ectotherms more vulnerable to warming. The contributions of metabolic rate, search rate and handling time in shaping thermal effects on interaction strength differed between latitudes. A key finding was that thermal evolution may further weaken the long‐term interaction strength of the high‐latitude trophic system under increases in mean temperatures, even at DTF and potentially also at HW. Our results underscore the importance of daily thermal fluctuations and heat waves in shaping predator–prey interactions, and may suggest an overall stabilizing contribution of predator thermal evolution ameliorating thermal plastic effects on food web stability. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

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N_{normale} = N_{0} (1 ‐ \exp^{‐ a (t ‐ N_{normale} h)}),

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We pairwise compared the search rate a and handling time h between treatment combinations using the ‘indicator variable’ approach (function frair_compare ; e.g. Siepielski et al., 2020; Villalobos‐Jiménez et al., 2017). We performed multiple comparisons within and between latitudes, and adjusted p values with the FDR method.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal evolution ameliorates the long‐term plastic effects of warming, temperature fluctuations and heat waves on predator–prey interaction strength

et al. 2021

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“…It has received a growing interest in the fields of fundamental ecology, parasitology, and invasion ecology, but remains largely ignored by the ecologists interested in the ecological impact of anthropogenic noise. Very recently, Villalobos‐Jiménez, Dunn, and Hassall () reported decreased magnitude in the FR of damselfly larvae ( Ischnura elegans ) towards cladoceran prey with underwater noise compared to more silent conditions, but no such investigations have been carried out in vertebrates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noise‐induced reduction in the attack rate of a planktivorous freshwater fish revealed by functional response analysis

et al. 2019

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Anthropogenic noise can affect animals physically, physiologically, and behaviourally. Although individual responses to noise are well documented, the consequences in terms of community structure, species coexistence, and ecosystem functioning remain fairly unknown. The impact of noise on predation has received a growing interest and alterations in trophic links are observed when animals shift from foraging to stress‐related behaviours, are distracted by noise, or because of acoustic masking. However, the experimental procedures classically used to quantify predation do not inform on the potential demographic impact on prey. We derived the relationship between resource use and availability (the functional response) for European minnows (Phoxinus phoxinus) feeding on dipteran larvae (Chaoborus sp.) under two noise conditions: ambient noise and ambient noise supplemented with motorboat noise. The shape and magnitude of the functional response are powerful indicators of population outcomes and predator–prey dynamics. We also recorded fish behaviour to explore some proximate determinants of altered predation. For both noise conditions, fish displayed a saturating (type II) functional response whose shape depends on two parameters: attack rate and handling time. Boat noise did not affect handling time but significantly reduced attack rate, resulting in a functional response curve of the same height but with a less steep initial slope. Fish exhibited a stress‐related response to noise including increased swimming distance, more social interactions, and altered spatial distribution. Our study shows the usefulness of the functional response approach to study the ecological impacts of noise and illustrates how the behavioural responses of predators to noise can modify the demographic pressure on prey. It also suggests that prey availability might mediate the negative effect of noise on predation. Community outcomes are expected if the reduced consumption of the main food sources goes with the overconsumption of alternative food sources, changing the distribution pattern of interaction strengths. Predation release could also trigger a trophic cascade, propagating the effect of noise to lower trophic levels.

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“…To investigate mechanistically what might underlie changes in activity‐mediated growth rates in response to selection, we estimated damselfly attack rates and handling times after the behavioural assays using the protocol established by Villalobos‐Jiménez et al (2017). In brief, we starved each larva for an additional 24 h period to ensure motivation for feeding and standardise hunger levels, then introduced different densities of Daphnia magna (2, 4, 8, 16, or 32) to the petri dishes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To determine if the experimental selection we imposed influenced attack rates and handling times, we used the “frair_compare” function in the frair package (Pritchard et al 2017). This approach is widely used in functional response studies (Villalobos‐Jiménez et al 2017) and implements an indicator analysis (Juliano et al 2001) to test the null hypothesis that a and h for a given comparison are equivalent.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predators weaken prey intraspecific competition through phenotypic selection

et al. 2020

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Predators have a key role shaping competitor dynamics in food webs. Perhaps the most obvious way this occurs is when predators reduce competitor densities. However, consumption could also generate phenotypic selection on prey that determines the strength of competition, thus coupling consumptive and trait-based effects of predators. In a mesocosm experiment simulating fish predation on damselflies, we found that selection against high damselfly activity ratesa phenotype mediating predation and competitionweakened the strength of density dependence in damselfly growth rates. A field experiment corroborated this finding and showed that increasing damselfly densities in lakes with high fish densities had limited effects on damselfly growth rates but generated a precipitous growth rate decline where fish densities were lowera pattern expected because of spatial variation in selection imposed by predation. These results suggest that accounting for both consumption and selection is necessary to determine how predators regulate prey competitive interactions.

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Environmental noise reduces predation rate in an aquatic invertebrate

Abstract: diversity of types of acoustic pollution, and encourage further work regarding trophic interactions with insects using a functional response approach.

Cited by 19 publications

References 52 publications

Thermal evolution ameliorates the long‐term plastic effects of warming, temperature fluctuations and heat waves on predator–prey interaction strength

Thermal evolution ameliorates the long‐term plastic effects of warming, temperature fluctuations and heat waves on predator–prey interaction strength

Noise‐induced reduction in the attack rate of a planktivorous freshwater fish revealed by functional response analysis

Predators weaken prey intraspecific competition through phenotypic selection

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