Predators weaken prey intraspecific competition through phenotypic selection

Siepielski, Adam M.; Hasik, Adam Z.; Ping, Taylor; Serrano, Mabel; Strayhorn, Koby; Tye, Simon P.

doi:10.1111/ele.13491

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…We pairwise compared the search rate a and handling time h between treatment combinations using the ‘indicator variable’ approach (function frair_compare ; e.g. Siepielski et al., 2020; Villalobos‐Jiménez et al., 2017). We performed multiple comparisons within and between latitudes, and adjusted p values with the FDR method.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal evolution ameliorates the long‐term plastic effects of warming, temperature fluctuations and heat waves on predator–prey interaction strength

et al. 2021

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How thermal evolution may affect trophic interactions and its implications for trophic system stability remains unstudied. To advance insights in how global warming shapes trophic interactions, we need to consider besides increases in mean temperatures, also daily thermal fluctuations (DTF) and heat waves (HW), and how their effects are modulated by thermal evolution. Using a common‐garden approach, we tested how each thermal factor affected predator metabolic rate and functional response parameters, and used these responses to predict long‐term predator–prey interaction strength between larvae of the damselfly Ischnura elegans and the water flea Daphnia magna. Using high‐ and low‐latitude predator populations with the latter being exposed to higher mean temperatures, higher DTF and more frequent HW, we assessed the potential impact of thermal evolution at the high latitude using a space‐for‐time substitution. In line with thermal adaptation, growth rates were faster and handling times shorter in low‐latitude compared to high‐latitude larvae at 24°C while the opposite was true at 20°C. Warming weakened the long‐term interaction strength, except for the high‐latitude trophic system at DTF and HW where plastic responses therefore may not stabilize the high‐latitude system. This extends the emerging insight that temperature variation may make ectotherms more vulnerable to warming. The contributions of metabolic rate, search rate and handling time in shaping thermal effects on interaction strength differed between latitudes. A key finding was that thermal evolution may further weaken the long‐term interaction strength of the high‐latitude trophic system under increases in mean temperatures, even at DTF and potentially also at HW. Our results underscore the importance of daily thermal fluctuations and heat waves in shaping predator–prey interactions, and may suggest an overall stabilizing contribution of predator thermal evolution ameliorating thermal plastic effects on food web stability. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal evolution ameliorates the long‐term plastic effects of warming, temperature fluctuations and heat waves on predator–prey interaction strength

et al. 2021

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“…In our case, both tuna species have similar size-at-hatch and growth rate; thus, it is the early spawning of BFT (Reglero et al 2018b) that results in a priority effect. The fact that their larvae are large enough to be piscivorous when ALB yolk-sack and pre-flexion larvae are most abundant may be an adaptive life-history strategy in a long-distance migrator to provide fish prey to their offspring and simultaneously reduce food competition with other larvae of the same guild (Siepielski et al 2020), yet this hypothesis remains untested. Either way, it suggests that the timing of spawning is an important modulator of the interaction strength among piscivorous fishes of the same guild.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small fish eat smaller fish: A model of interaction strength in early life stages of two tuna species

Ottmann

Reglero

Alemany

et al. 2022

Limnol Oceanogr Letters

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Most marine fishes die during their first days of life falling prey for other animals, and even minor changes in early predation rates can lead to order-of-magnitude variation in the number of individuals recruiting to the adult population. However, quantifying predation in fish early life stages and linking species-specific interactions to recruitment and population dynamics is challenging. Here, we test the hypothesis that recovery of the commercially exploited Atlantic bluefin tuna can affect early survival of the Mediterranean albacore through predator-prey interactions of their early life stages. We find that when the predator species is present, they have a large predatory capacity on the prey species, but their patchy distribution may limit their total effect. Along with other processes affecting early survival, this interaction can contribute to a loss of recruitment potential to later stages.

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“…To analyse effects of the treatments (predator and prey source latitudes, temperature and turbidity) on the functional response parameters, we pairwise compared the search rate a and handling time h between treatment combinations using the ‘indicator variable’ approach (as e.g. used in Siepielski et al, 2020). We performed multiple comparisons within and between latitudes, and adjusted p ‐values with the false discovery rate method (Benjamini & Hochberg, 1995).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal plasticity and evolution shape predator–prey interactions differently in clear and turbid water bodies

Wang

Tüzün

Sentis

et al. 2022

Journal of Animal Ecology

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Warming and eutrophication negatively affect freshwater ecosystems by modifying trophic interactions and increasing water turbidity. We need to consider their joint effects on predator–prey interactions and how these depend on the thermal evolution of both predator and prey. We quantified how 4°C warming and algae‐induced turbidity (that integrates turbidity per se and increased food for zooplankton prey) affect functional response parameters and prey population parameters in a common‐garden experiment. We did so for all combinations of high‐ and low‐latitude predator (damselfly larvae) and prey (water fleas) populations to assess the potential impact of thermal evolution of predators and/or prey at a high latitude under warming using a space‐for‐time substitution. We then modelled effects on the system stability (i.e. tendency to oscillate) under different warming, turbidity and evolutionary scenarios. Warming and turbidity had little effect on the functional response parameters of high‐latitude predators. In contrast, warming and turbidity reduced the handling times of low‐latitude predators. Moreover, warming increased the search rates of low‐latitude predators in clear water but instead decreased these in turbid water. Warming increased stability (i.e. prevented oscillations) in turbid water (except for the ‘high‐latitude predator and high‐latitude prey’ system), mainly by decreasing the prey’s carrying capacity and partly also by decreasing search rates, while it did not affect stability in clear water. Algae‐induced turbidity generally decreased stability, mainly by increasing the prey’s carrying capacity and partly also by increasing search rates. This resembles findings that nutrient enrichment can reduce the stability of trophic systems. The expected stability of the high‐latitude trophic system under warming was dependent on the turbidity level: our results suggest that thermal plasticity tends to destabilize the high‐latitude trophic system under warming in clear water but not in turbid water, and that thermal evolution of the predator will stabilize the high‐latitude system under warming in turbid water but less so in clear water. The extent to which thermal plasticity and evolution shape trophic system stability under warming may strongly differ between clear and turbid water bodies, with their contributions having a more stabilizing role in turbid water.

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Predators weaken prey intraspecific competition through phenotypic selection

Cited by 19 publications

References 84 publications

Thermal evolution ameliorates the long‐term plastic effects of warming, temperature fluctuations and heat waves on predator–prey interaction strength

Thermal evolution ameliorates the long‐term plastic effects of warming, temperature fluctuations and heat waves on predator–prey interaction strength

Small fish eat smaller fish: A model of interaction strength in early life stages of two tuna species

Thermal plasticity and evolution shape predator–prey interactions differently in clear and turbid water bodies

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