Environmental Impact of Phosphogypsum-Derived Building Materials

Romero-Hermida, M. I.; Alés, Vicente Flores; Hurtado, Santiago; Santos, Andressa dos; Esquivias, L.

doi:10.3390/ijerph17124248

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The main impurities of the PG are Si (2.52 wt.% as SiO 2 ), P (0.65 wt.% as P 2 O 5 ), and Al (0.20 wt.% as Al 2 O 3 ). This waste has been deeply analyzed and its characteristics and properties can be consulted elsewhere [ 8 , 11 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization and Analysis of the Carbonation Process of a Lime Mortar Obtained from Phosphogypsum Waste

Romero-Hermida

Borrero-López

Alés

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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This work addresses the reuse of waste products as a raw material for lime putties, which are one of the components of mortar. 1:3 Lime/sand mortars very similar to conventional construction mortars were prepared using a lime putty obtained from the treatment of phosphogypsum with sodium hydroxide. The physical, rheological and mechanical properties of this phosphogypsum-derived mortar have been studied, as well as the mineralogical composition, microstructure by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and curing process by monitoring carbonation and ultrasonic propagation velocity. Considering the negative influence of sulphates on the hardened material, the behaviour of the material after sulphates precipitation by adding barium sulphate was additionally tested. Carbonation progressed from the outside to the inside of the specimen through the porous system by Liesegang rings patterns for mortars with soluble sulphates, while the carbonation with precipitated sulphates was controlled by diffusion-precipitation. Overall, the negative influence of low-sulphate contents on the mechanical properties of mortars was verified. It must be highlighted the importance of their precipitation to obtain adequate performance.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calcium hydroxide is mainly used as a soil stabilizer but also to fabricate lime mortars. The degree of cohesion relies on its cementing capacity when carbonating by reaction with ambient CO 2 [ 8 ]. The carbonation of Ca(OH) 2 is a natural process and is affected by natural variables.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Analysis of the Carbonation Process of a Lime Mortar Obtained from Phosphogypsum Waste

Romero-Hermida

Borrero-López

Alés

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…Phosphogypsum (PG) is a complex solid waste produced during the production of phosphate fertilizer and phosphoric acid from the raw phosphate ore using a wet-process treatment (Papastefanou et al, 2006). The main constituents of PG are anhydrous calcium sulfate and massive impurities including phosphate, fluoride, and heavy metals (Hao et al, 2005;Rashad, 2017;Li and Zhang, 2020;Romero-Hermida et al, 2020). Titanium gypsum (TG) is an industrial by-product from the titanium dioxide industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red Yeast Improves the Potential Safe Utilization of Solid Waste (Phosphogypsum and Titanogypsum) Through Bioleaching

Chen

Yu-qi

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Phosphogypsum (PG) and titanium gypsum (TG), as a by-product (solid waste) in phosphate fertilizer and titanium dioxide industry, are causing serious environmental hazards. The resource/harmless application of PG and TG is the development trend in the future. The biological function of red yeast (Rho: Rhodotorula mucilaginosa) can effectively reduce the concentration of pollutants in the environment and has the potential of biological flotation/purification of mineral solid waste. In this study, the bioremediation mechanism and safe utilization efficiency of Rho for different contents of PG and TG were explored by using its biological flotation function. The X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) results showed that F was the main toxic element in PG and TG, and Pb and Cd did not reach the detection limit. The processing capacity of Rho for PG (>10 g/ml) is higher than that of TG (<5 g/ml). After bioleaching by Rho, the proportion of F in PG and TG solid decreased by 61.45–63.79% and 49.45–59.19%, respectively. The results of three-dimensional fluorescence, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) extraction, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that Rho could accelerate the release of harmful elements (F) in PG and TG. SEM showed that Rho cells and secretions adhered and wrapped on PG/TG, causing PG/TG decomposition and fragmentation. In addition, the adsorption of EPS and the formation of Ca5(PO4)3F are two main ways for Rho to remove F. Furthermore, under the condition of high concentration bioleaching, Rho can accelerate the release and utilization of P in PG, which is not only for the re-precipitation of Ca5(PO4)3F but also conducive to the reproduction and utilization of microorganisms. Meanwhile, the purification/safe reuse of PG by Rho is easier than that of TG. Therefore, the toxicity of PG and TG bioleaching by Rho can be greatly reduced, suggesting the huge potential of Rho in soil improvement and remediation.

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“…PG is produced in large quantities, five tons of PG for one ton of phosphoric acid [23,24] [25]. It can also contain nuclides such as Ra, U and Th, but do not pose any major leaching environmental risk, except for Cd [22,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphogypsum and Black Steel Slag as Additives for Ecological Bentonite-Based Materials: Microstructure and Characterization

et al. 2020

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The Black Steel slag (Ss) and phosphogypsum (PG) are industrial wastes produced in Morocco. In order to reduce these two wastes and to evaluate their pozzolanic reactivity in the presence of water, they were incorporated into bentonite (B) mixed with lime (L). The studied mixtures (BLW, BL–PG–W and BL–PG–Ss–W) were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and SEM/EDX analysis. Compressive strength tests were performed on hardened specimens. The results obtained show that the hydration kinetics of the B–L–W and B–L–PG–W mixtures are slow. The addition of PG to a bentonite––lime mixture induces the formation of new microstructures such as hydrated calcium silicate (C–S–H) and ettringite, which increases the compressive strength of the cementitious specimens. The addition of the Ss to a mixture composed of 8%PG and 8%L–B accelerates the kinetics of hydration and activates the pozzolanic reaction. The presence of C2S in the slag helps to increase the mechanical strength of the mixture B–L–PG–Ss. The compressive strength of the mixtures BL–W, BL–PG–W and BL–PG–Ss–W increases from 15 to 28 days of setting. After 28 days of setting, 8% of Sc added to the mixture 8% PG–8%L–B is responsible for an increase of the compressive strength to 0.6 MPa.

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Environmental Impact of Phosphogypsum-Derived Building Materials

Cited by 26 publications

References 40 publications

Characterization and Analysis of the Carbonation Process of a Lime Mortar Obtained from Phosphogypsum Waste

Characterization and Analysis of the Carbonation Process of a Lime Mortar Obtained from Phosphogypsum Waste

Red Yeast Improves the Potential Safe Utilization of Solid Waste (Phosphogypsum and Titanogypsum) Through Bioleaching

Phosphogypsum and Black Steel Slag as Additives for Ecological Bentonite-Based Materials: Microstructure and Characterization

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