Environmental Degradation of Polyethylene

Hakkarainen, Minna; Albertsson, Ann‐Christine

doi:10.1007/b13523

Cited by 150 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Preliminary data identify the full return on investment for SWRT enhanced maize production seldom exceeds four years. Since there is no maintenance of properly installed SWRT membranes, whose projected functional viability lifespan is 47 to 300 years (Hakkarainen and Albertsson 2004), all additional water and nutrient savings combined with greater production potentials provide increasing net profits for many decades. The newly developed commercial SWRT machines, manufactured to install water-and fertilizer-saving membranes into multiple soil types, have the potential for converting at least 120 million ha (300 million ac) of marginal sandy soils into sustainable agricultural production in the United States.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a new long-term drought resilient soil water retention technology

Kavdır

Zhang²,

Basso³

et al. 2014

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a new long-term drought resilient soil water retention technology

Kavdır

Zhang²,

Basso³

et al. 2014

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

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“…In the eluates of HDPE, several alkylfuranones, which may be formed during the aging of HDPE, [43] are found in the eluates of the 2000 UV sample. In contrast to the other two polymer samples, one substance (2,4-dimethylaniline), a ligand of the polymerisation catalyst, [44] is released exclusively after thermo-oxidative exposure in the case of HDPE.…”

Section: Colour Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contaminant release from aged microplastic

et al. 2017

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Environmental context. Increasing global plastic production adds plastic debris to the environment. We show that potentially harmful additives present in plastic particles are released to water at an increased rate when material properties change by aging due to exposure to high temperature and especially to UV radiation. For risk assessment of such plastic additives, more information on their degradation products and their toxicity is needed.Abstract. Recycled plastic granules of high-density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene the size of microplastics were exposed to artificial aging conditions (2000 h; photooxidative and thermo-oxidative) to simulate their fate outdoors. Their potential to leach into water during the aging process was investigated using column percolation tests. Aging-related changes on the surface of the material were characterised by IR measurements indicating oxidation reactions with the formation of new adsorption bands (C=O, C-O and OH), especially in the case of photooxidative aging. These findings were confirmed by the identification of leachable organic compounds. Leaching of total organic carbon, Cl, Ca, Cu and Zn is clearly affected by changes due to aging, and their release is increased after photooxidative aging. In general, exposure to photooxidative conditions shows a greater influence on aging and thus on leaching and seems to be the more important mechanism for the aging of microplastic in the environment. Comparison with the total content of inorganic species revealed that, for most elements, less than 3% of the total content is released after 2000 h of photooxidative aging.

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“…Further abiotic degradation of such polyethylene can reduce molecular mass to levels where the material becomes susceptible to biodegradation [3,[5][6][7][8]. Prodegradant additives are used to enhance such oxo-biodegradation of polyolefins [4,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mn2Al-LDH- and Co2Al-LDH-stearate as photodegradants for LDPE film

Magagula

Nhlapo

Focke

2009

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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The layered double hydroxides (LDH) Mn 2 Al-LDH-stearate and Co 2 Al-LDH-stearate were prepared by a surfactant-assisted intercalation of the corresponding precursor LDH-CO 3 forms.These compounds were evaluated as potential photodegradant additives in low density polyethylene films with a thickness of ca. 40 mm. They were incorporated into blown polyethylene films via a 10% masterbatch. The films were subjected to accelerated ageing in a QUV weatherometer. The machine was fitted with A320 lamps and operated on a dry cycle at 63 C and an irradiance of 0.67 W/m 2 . It was found that 100 h of QUV exposure was sufficient to cause mechanical embrittlement of films containing as little as 0.1% of either active.

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Environmental Degradation of Polyethylene

Cited by 150 publications

References 103 publications

Development of a new long-term drought resilient soil water retention technology

Development of a new long-term drought resilient soil water retention technology

Contaminant release from aged microplastic

Mn2Al-LDH- and Co2Al-LDH-stearate as photodegradants for LDPE film

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