Environmental damage costs in Iran by the energy sector

Shafie-Pour, Majid; Ardestani, Mojtaba

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2007.03.008

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Despite the fact that 85% of the country is semi-arid or arid (Misra 2009), Iran is well known as one of the world's major centers of biodiversity and natural heritage, because of the junction of four major plant geographical regions (Irano-Turanian, Hyrcanian, Zagrosian, and Khalijo-Ommanian; see e.g., IFNRCBD 2010;Sagheb et al 2003;Croitoru and Sarraf 2010;NBSAP 2000;Darvishsefat 2006;Ziaie 2008;Zehzad et al 2002;Firouz 1976Firouz & 2005GoIRI 1995;Groombridge and Jenkins 2002;IRI 2005;Rabiee 2002;Firouz et al 1970;Tavakoli 1987;IUCN 1992;Harrington 1977). Nonetheless, Iran faces serious challenges in sustainable development with major environmental issues in its territory, coastal, and wetland sections (See IFNRCBD 2010; Madanipour 2011; Croitoru and Sarraf 2010; ShafiePour and Ardestani 2007;GoIRI 1995;Ebtekar 2009;Seddigh et al 2010;Pak and Majd 2011;Pak and Farajzadeh 2007;IUCN 1992;Coadt 1980). Similar environmental problems are happening around the world, especially in developing countries, and cause biodiversity loss (See Braatz, 1992;Sekercioglu and others, 2011;Say and Yucel, 2006).…”

Section: Biodiversity In Iranmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges to the Future Development of Iran’s Protected Areas System

Kolahi

Sakai

Moriya

et al. 2012

Environmental Management

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Challenges to the future development of Iran's protected areas system Since the1950s, there has been a continuous increase in the number and coverage of protected areas (PAs) in Iran, and in total 253 PAs have been declared that cover 10.12% of the country's area. This paper reviews literature addressing Iran's PAs, examines what is known about them, highlights the challenges and lessons learned, and identifies areas where more research is needed. The PA system in Iran is criticized because of (1) shortages of manpower, equipment, and financial resources; (2) de jure PAs that are often implemented as de facto reserves; (3) lack of national biodiversity indicators and objective monitoring processes; and (4) limited public participation and conflict between people over PAs. To improve, Iran's PAs system needs to be realistically supported by policies and planning instruments. In addition, the implementation of active management to restore habitat, increase education and awareness, shift practices towards the guidelines of international organizations, build capacity, and improve management and co-management by local communities needs to occur.

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Section: Biodiversity In Iranmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges to the Future Development of Iran’s Protected Areas System

Kolahi

Sakai

Moriya

et al. 2012

Environmental Management

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“…It has been recently stated by Tehran's Clean Air Committee that 10,000 people die every year due to air pollution related cardio-pulmonary disease. Shafie-Pour and Ardestani [23] estimated that the total health damage from air pollution in major urban centers of Iran cost US$7 billion; equivalent to 8.4% of Gross Domestic Productivity (GDP); clearly making air quality a serious concern for this country.…”

Section: Convection and Evaporationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Framework to Mitigate the Urban Heat Island Effect for Improving Environment and Protecting Human Health

Shahmohamadi¹,

Che‐Ani²,

Maulud³

et al. 2010

Int. J. SDP

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Changes in temperature and precipitation, sea level, fisheries, agriculture, natural ecosystems, and air quality will all directly or indirectly affect human morbidity (illness) or mortality. One of the great challenges facing our current generation of scientists and engineers is how to protect urban population from health stressors associated with summertime heat. As heat-waves are likely to increase in frequency because of global climate change, the most effective interventions, measures and policies to protect the health need to be developed and evaluated. Therefore, this paper is focused on understanding the most important factors of urban heat island (UHI) formation and their effects on urban population health with an emphasis on the considerable growth of both population and rapid urbanization of Tehran, Iran. To achieve this aim, this paper explores literally a conceptual framework about the relationship between UHI and human health. Then, it suggests three important strategies to minimize the impact of UHI on human health: achieving appropriate transportation for mitigating air pollution, providing appropriate landscape, increasing the albedo of building materials. Keywords: appropriate landscape, appropriate material, appropriate transportation, human health, natural ventilation, urban heat island. INTRODUCTION 1Climate change is a global phenomenon that leaves no part of the world untouched. Everywhere, changes in climate are having observable impacts on both natural and human systems -water resources, ecosystems, food and forest products, coastal systems, industry, settlements and societies, and human health, involving significant social, economic and environmental consequences [1].Climate change presents significant challenges in efforts to maintain and improve the health and well-being of people living around the world. Many of the environmental hazards exert a direct or indirect effect on the health and well-being of urban dwellers. One of the most important hazards which impact on health and quality of life is 'urban heat island'. Urban heat island (UHI) can directly affect health because high temperatures place an added stress on human physiology. UHI will have wide-ranging impacts on society and the infrastructure that support civilization. It could impact not only agricultural and human health, but also patterns of human settlement, energy use, transportation, industry, environmental quality, and other aspect of infrastructure that affect our quality of life [2].According to the above perspective it becomes increasingly important to apply heat island mitigation strategies in order to protect human health from health stressors associated with summer time heat.Thus, this paper investigates that which factors cause UHI formation, especially in Tehran metropolitan, and then by recognizing some factors which have more effects on health, suggests some solutions from urban design perspective in order to have healthy environment.

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“…In reality, the link between the quantity of emissions and the eventual damage costs is complex. Many factors will affect the damage costs caused by a unit of emissions, including and not only [10]:…”

Section: Economic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Environmental Damage Costs from CO<sub>2</sub>e Emissions in Libya and the Revenue from Carbon Tax Implementation

Nassar¹,

Aissa²,

Alsadi³

2017

LCE

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This paper addresses the GHG emissions from oil and gas extraction, production and combustion and other emissions sources in Libya. In general, this research deals with the primary energy tracing from well to wheel leading to inventor of pollutants emitted through this path. This study presents the first work conducted in the estimation of costs of the environmental damages caused by GHG emissions from Libyans activities, we involved not only the energy or industrial facilities but also the waste and livestock in this process. For Libyan market, we adopted a cost of CO 2 e is 44 LD/ton CO 2 e (which equivalents to 32 US$ or 29 €), the present study reveals that the prices of all fusel fuel must be increased by 79%, 138%, 19% and 80% for Gasoline, Diesel, Air-jet fuel and LPG respectively, and by 8%, 143%, 6%, 3% and 14% for air traveling tickets, MWh of electricity, ton of steel, ton of cement, kg of red meat and ton of garbage, respectively. The total revenue as a result of the implementation of carbon tax is 4.4 billion LD which equivalent to 10% of the Libyan GDP in 2015. The followed procedure enables to investigate the effect of each type of energy, production or service on the environment individually. This research paved the road for more intensive researches to account all pollutants in the social-economical-environmental system.

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Environmental damage costs in Iran by the energy sector

Cited by 24 publications

References 2 publications

Challenges to the Future Development of Iran’s Protected Areas System

Challenges to the Future Development of Iran’s Protected Areas System

The Framework to Mitigate the Urban Heat Island Effect for Improving Environment and Protecting Human Health

Estimation of Environmental Damage Costs from CO<sub>2</sub>e Emissions in Libya and the Revenue from Carbon Tax Implementation

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Environmental damage costs in Iran by the energy sector

Cited by 24 publications

References 2 publications

Challenges to the Future Development of Iran’s Protected Areas System

Challenges to the Future Development of Iran’s Protected Areas System

The Framework to Mitigate the Urban Heat Island Effect for Improving Environment and Protecting Human Health

Estimation of Environmental Damage Costs from CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;e Emissions in Libya and the Revenue from Carbon Tax Implementation

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Estimation of Environmental Damage Costs from CO<sub>2</sub>e Emissions in Libya and the Revenue from Carbon Tax Implementation