Environmental and Physiological Regulation of Photosynthesis in Fruit Crops

Flore, J. A.; Lakso, Alan N.

doi:10.1002/9781118060841.ch4

Cited by 135 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 177 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), leaf net CO 2 assimilation, transpiration and stomatal conductance rates were reduced in water deficit and KClO 3 application, except for the application of combination of full irrigation and without KClO 3 treatments. In longan trees treated with water deficit, KClO 3 , and a combination of water deficit and KClO 3 leaf photosynthesis decreased because water deficit caused closure of the stomata and reduced CO 2 assimilation and stem extension, leaf expansion, and fruit growth (Flore & Lakso, 1989;Menzel, 2005). The high photosynthesis rate indicated the optimal irrigation management for longan and low value was led to drought stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Water Regimes and Potassium Chlorate on Floral Induction, Leaf Photosynthesis and Leaf Water Potential in Longan

Sritontip¹,

Tiyayon²,

Sringam³

et al. 2013

JAS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study verifies the influence of water regimes and potassium chlorate (KC1O 3 ) on photosynthetic rate, flower emergence and media moisture content of longan trees. The trees were grown in 150 liters lysimeter tanks filled with fine sand. The experimental design was a 2x2 factorial in completely randomized design (CRD) with 2 factors; 1) two levels of water regimes (well-watered and water deficit) and 2) two levels of KClO 3 at 10 and 0 g. The results revealed that the well-watered treatment produced faster days of terminal bud break than that of the water deficit treatment. The 10 g KClO 3 treatment induced 91 % flower emergence at 35 days after commencing the treatment, while the 0 g KClO 3 treatment had 82 % leaf flushing and had no flower emergence. Water deficit or KClO 3 treatments reduced the net carbondioxide (CO 2 ) exchange, transpiration and stomatal conductance rates. Moreover, the combination of well-watered and 0 g KClO 3 treatments gave the greatest values of the parameters. The well-watered treatment had higher volumetric water content in the growing medium and leaf water potential than the water deficit treatment, while for the 10 g and 0 g KClO 3 treatments had similar the media moisture content.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Water Regimes and Potassium Chlorate on Floral Induction, Leaf Photosynthesis and Leaf Water Potential in Longan

Sritontip¹,

Tiyayon²,

Sringam³

et al. 2013

JAS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Photosyntesis produces CH for growth and energy (Lakso and Flore, 2003) and photo-synthates constitute up to 90% of a plant's dry matter (DM) (Daie, 1985) and both growth and cropping depend on a ready supply of carbohydrates and nutrients (Oliveira and Priestley, 1988) There have been relatively few reports on the photosynthesis of fruit species which can differ greatly with diverse measuring methods and equipment used depending on the prevailing environmental conditions. Flore and Lakso (1989) summarized maximum photosynthetic rates (in µmol CO 2 m -2 s -1 ) for various fruit species such as the avocado (Persea americana, 4.8±2.4), orange (Citrus sinensis, 9.9±1.6), peach (Prunus persica, 13.3±3.8), apple (Malus domestica, 5.7±5.6), pear (Pyrus communis, 20.2), grapevine (Vitis vinifera, 12.4±1.4), blueberry (Vaccinium sp., 12.7±7.4) and strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa, 13.9±2.9). Photosynthetic rates of 8.33 µmol CO 2 m -2 s -1 have been measured for solanaceous species such as the cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana) on the Bogota Plateau (Melgarejo and Fischer, 2013).…”

Section: The Leaf As a Source Organmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among these, the most important are tree height, distance, fruit thinning, pruning, fertilization, application of growth regulators, irrigation and phytosanitary control (Flore and Lakso, 1989;Fischer, 2005 Table 2. Examples of leaf number and leaf area for optimal production of one fruit, depending on cultivar and agroecological growth conditions.…”

Section: Leaf-fruit Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Source-sink relationships in fruit species: A review

Fischer

Almanza-Merchán²,

Ramírez³

2013

Rev. Colomb. Cienc. Hortic.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fruit production and quality depend on adequate source-sink relationships. Carbohydrates (CH) translocated from leaves or reserve organs are the most important for the growth and development of sink organs (mainly fruits). Up to 60% of CH produced daily can be lost through respiration. Carbohydrates constitute over 65% of the dry matter of tree crops. Increasing the leaf-fruit ratio generally increases fruit growth and CH content. Photosynthesis increases with fruit load and the leaves next to fruits are strong sources for CH. The leaf-fruit ratio is species, cultivar and geographic location dependent. The optimal leaf area in various species is 200 cm 2 per 100 g of fruit.Additional key words: carbohydrates, translocation, starch, leaf-fruit ratio. RESUMENLa producción y calidad de frutos depende de una adecuada relación fuente-vertedero. Los carbohidratos (CH) de la planta, traslocados de las hojas o de los órganos de reserva, son de crucial importancia para el crecimiento y desarrollo de los órganos vertedero (principalmente frutos). Hasta un 60% de CH diariamente producidos pueden ser gastados en la respiración. Los CH pueden constituir más del 65% de la materia seca de los cultivos arbóreos. Con el aumento de la tasa hoja-fruto, generalmente el crecimiento del fruto y su contenido de CH aumentan. La fotosíntesis aumenta a medida que incrementa la carga de los frutos y las hojas cercanas a ellos son las más estimuladas. La tasa hoja-fruto depende de la especie, la variedad y de la localización geográfica. El área foliar óptima encontrada para varias especies es de 200 cm 2 por 100 g de fruta.1 Agronomy Faculty, Department of Agronomy, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota (Colombia).

show abstract

“…Among these, the most important are tree height, distance, and fruit thinning, pruning, and fertilization, application of growth regulators, irrigation and phytosanitary control (Flore and Lakso, 1989). Girdling (branch ringing), the removal of a bark ring in the trunk or in the base of lateral growth axes, interrupts photosynthate flow to the roots and thereby increases flower induction and fruit filling, apparently through increased sugar availability in the aerial parts of the tree (Iglesias et al, 2007).…”

Section: Phenology Is "The Science Dealing With the Influence Of Climmentioning

confidence: 99%