Environment and Disease Risks

Rappaport, Stephen M.; Smith, Martyn T.

doi:10.1126/science.1192603

Cited by 651 publications

(519 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…[1][2][3] Although the etiology underpinning this disease trend is unclear, the short time span in which these changes have occurred suggests that environmental, rather than genetic, alteration is the crucial determinant. 4,5 Rapid economic growth and urbanisation have transformed the environment and brought about drastic changes to the socioeconomic conditions of inhabitants. The lifestyle for many people has become sedentary, often accompanied by significant dietary changes and/or excesses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Singapore and Its Association with Dietary, Lifestyle, and Environmental Factors

Siah

Wong

Chan

et al. 2016

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

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Background/AimsThe prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has risen considerably over the past decade in Singapore. We aim to explore the contribution of changes in diet, lifestyle and habits that may contribute to the increased prevalence and development of IBS. MethodsThis is a survey-based cross-sectional population study aimed to gather demographic, socio-economical, lifestyle, dietary, antibiotic usage and other related information. Subjects were adult male or female Singaporeans aged 21 years or above. Association of the factors gathered with the presence or absence of IBS (by Rome III criteria) was assessed using chi-square or Fisher's exact test. Variables with a level of statistical significance of 0.1 or less in the univariate analysis were entered into a stepwise logistic regression model. ResultsA total of 297 subjects participated in the study (female 60.3%). Overall, 20.9% subjects fulfilled the Rome III IBS criteria. Univariate analysis showed that IBS was associated with pet ownership, antibiotic usage, late dinner, (> 9 PM) and consumption of Western meals, coffee, and bread. The multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that IBS was independently associated with being a pet owner (P = 0.008; OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.278-5.037). ConclusionsThe prevalence of IBS was 20.9% using the Rome III criteria in our study. The association between IBS and pet ownership will need further investigation. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016;22:670-676)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Singapore and Its Association with Dietary, Lifestyle, and Environmental Factors

Siah

Wong

Chan

et al. 2016

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

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“…The exposome has recently joined the "omic" vocabulary of the scientific community and is the ability to precisely measure exposure, exposure biomarkers, and biological effects of exposures increasing the risk of disease (15,16). Both the external and the internal environment is in the domain of the exposome (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor suppressor p53 ( TP53 ) at the crossroads of the exposome and the cancer genome

Schetter

Harris²

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Recently, exposomics has been structured as bottom-up or top-down (Rappaport and Smith 2010), which stands for measuring the exogenous environmental pressure, and in case of molecular exposomics, determining or modeling the chemical abundance in air, water, food, etc. Top-down molecular exposomics then is understood as endogenous exposure characterization by measuring chemicals in blood or other internal tissues and liquids.…”

Section: Closing Gaps With Exposomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical- and effect-oriented exposomics: Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR)

Schramm

Wang

et al. 2012

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Exposomic studies of the rapidly changing environment of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) after its impounding is elaborated as a novel field of human and environmental research. Molecular exposomics is focused on the measure of all exposures to molecules and especially persistent organic pollutants-like compounds are of emerging interest due to their lifetime existence in the environment and humans. Theoretical considerations in general and particular for the TGR are deduced and presented using quantitative approaches for this research field. Since exposomics is strongly time-dependent, a theory is presented to link extension of exposure, time, and related effects. Similarity to the first law of thermodynamics is outlined. On top of this, the integrated use of biomarkers is presented employing chemical analysis for biomarkers of exposure and effects, biomarkers in vivo, in vitro approaches and the link between chemical mixtures, and the onset of disease and lethality. Besides real organisms, also virtual organisms are favored to act as well-defined subcompartments such as fat of biota and with respect to time of exposure. Exposomics is the perspective of risk evaluation and chronic exposures in the running century. It needs novel theories, approaches, and integrated action between medical and environmental disciplines. The existing knowledge about molecular stressors has to be assembled and put into a context especially with respect not only to time resp. lifetime exposure of humans but also eco-toxicological findings by using highly conserved phylogenetic mechanisms to enable links between human and risks of environmental biota. The TGR is a good example not only to employ biomonitoring of real but also virtual organisms due to the lack of established ecotopes in this changing environment so far. Progress in understanding long-term risks requires a proper theory as well as novel tools such as virtual organisms. On top, multidisciplinary approaches and the utilization of existing knowledge about the exposure of the environment and humans have to be merged and directed into mutual concepts. Effect-oriented and chemical analysis must be designed time-oriented to determine lifetime exposures of mankind and nature. Perspectively, a first attempt about exposomic theory and concepts is proposed and has to be developed experimentally further enclosing virtual besides of real organisms and compartments. Environmental and human exposomics have to be considered as a Res (2013) 20:7057-7062 DOI 10.1007/s11356-012-1319 unified global issue in order to effectively utilize their mutual existing knowledge most effectively. The TGR is a challenging model system aiming this objective.

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Environment and Disease Risks

Abstract: A new paradigm is needed to assess how a lifetime of exposure to environmental factors affects the risk of developing chronic diseases.

Cited by 651 publications

References 15 publications

Prevalence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Singapore and Its Association with Dietary, Lifestyle, and Environmental Factors

Prevalence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Singapore and Its Association with Dietary, Lifestyle, and Environmental Factors

Tumor suppressor p53 ( TP53 ) at the crossroads of the exposome and the cancer genome

Chemical- and effect-oriented exposomics: Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR)

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