Entrepreneurial Leadership Across Countries: The Role of Informal Institutions

Abstract

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Informal institutions and leadership behavior in a developing country: A comparison between rural and urban areas

“…For example, the literature has started to explore the relationship between social capital and leadership (e.g. Anderson & Sun, 2015;Chen 10 et al, 2016;Felix et al, 2020). Despite a sizeable quantity of the leadership literature focusing on the relationships between leaders and followers, empirical research has revealed that leaders usually spend considerable amounts of time with others both inside and outside of the organization (Eva et al, 2019).…”

“…The economic situation and context are also relevant when defining leadership (Antonakis et al, 2003;Felix et al, 2020). To capture individual wealth, we used two dummy variables representing whether the individual has purchased a house (property ownership equal to one and zero otherwise) and has either gained employment or opened a business during the last 12 months (job status equal to one and zero otherwise).…”

“…For example, it has paid substantial attention to factors such as personality traits and identity (Harrison et al, 2015;Lord et al, 2017;Shao & Webber, 2006), cognitive and social skills (Epitropaki et al, 2017;Thomas et al, 2013), and socioemotional competences (Bass & Bass, 2008;Ng et al, 2019) for leadership development across countries, organizations, and individuals. The extant research has also emphasized that some of these factors emerge from socialization processes, creating a context in which institutions might affect the decisions of individuals to be or to act as leaders (Felix et al, 2020;Meador & Skerratt, 2017;Zehnder et al, 2017).…”

The effect of networking behaviors on the success of entrepreneurial startups

“…Raposo et al (2008) set forth an historical view of an entrepreneur as being an individual who takes risks correlated with uncertainty, who can provide financial capital, a person of innovation and creativity, a decision maker; a leader of an industry; a manager, director or a supervisor; economic resources organizer and coordinator; a business owner; a referee; a contractor; and a locator of resources between alternative uses (Abuhashesh, 2019a). According to Kirkley (2016), those perceived to be entrepreneurial can be assigned the following attributes: independent, creative, ambitious, goal driven, risk taker, achiever, and networker (Felix et al, 2020). Studying the behaviors of entrepreneurs is a fundamental way to clarify which ones lend support to an enterprise and help it to thrive.…”

Lusophone Entrepreneurship: Analysis of Entrepreneurial Behavioural Characteristics in Brazilian and Portuguese Universities

“…Differences in entrepreneurial economies have already led to detailed studies, such as those of McClelland (1972) [24]. Over the years, the dynamics themselves have developed differently from country to country, as noted by Felix, Aparicio, and Urbano (2020) [37], who mention several indicators.…”