Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of cultural leadership factors (charismatic/value-based, team oriented, participative, humane, autonomous and self-protective) on the rates of opportunity and necessity entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach The study integrates insights from institutional and cultural leadership theories to provide a fresh perspective to advance comparative entrepreneurship research. To test the hypotheses, the authors conduct a multiple regression analysis with observations from 34 countries, using data (from the year 2013) from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor for the dependent variable and from Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness to create leadership factors as independent variables. Findings The results show that all the types of leadership considered in the study have a relevant effect on entrepreneurial activity. However, charismatic leadership has a greater effect on entrepreneurial activity, particularly on opportunity entrepreneurship. The research also shows that autonomous leadership has a negative impact on entrepreneurial activity, although, when it is moderated by the humane dimension, this relationship changes. Practical implications Since the alternative dimensions facilitate or inhibit the generation of new firm creation, it is critical for researchers, teachers and leaders to learn about and to foster such leadership types. Originality/value This research covers a gap in the cross-cultural evidence presented in the literature and suggests the integration of the concepts leadership and entrepreneurship.

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-(Sublittoral phytobenthic community structure of Sepetiba Bay, RJ, Brazil). A description of the phytobenthic community structure in five sites of Sepetiba Bay, RJ, is presented. Sampling was done in the four seasons of the year 1999 (January, May, August, November), from sites at the inner bay region, directly subjected to the local anthropic impacts, to sites at the region close to the open sea, where the human interference is reduced. Destructive sampling method was used. Comparisons were based on the following parameters: species number, total biomass, diversity (H') and equitability (J). Ninety six taxa were identified: 61 rhodophytes, 18 chlorophytes, 15 phaeophytes and two cyanophytes. The highest number of taxa (65) ) were found at site 5, located on Marambaia point. An increase in the diversity was seen from the inner bay to the open ocean region. Considering the biomass, Sargassum spp. were the most important macroalgae, followed by Padina gymnospora and other algae shorter in size as Hypnea spp., Gelidium pusillum, Pterocladiella caerulescens and Gelidiopsis spp. The utilization of the destructive sampling method allowed a detailed characterization of the composition and structure of Sepetiba Bay phytobenthic community, facilitating on the future, the identification of changes imposed to the algal community by using more simple methodological approaches.Key words -biomass, diversity, macroalgae, pollution gradient RESUMO -(Estrutura das comunidades fitobentônicas do infralitoral da Baía de Sepetiba, RJ, Brasil). Caracteriza-se neste estudo a estrutura das comunidades fitobentônicas em cinco locais da baía de Sepetiba, RJ. Foram realizadas amostragens do tipo destrutiva desde a região mais interna da baía, sujeita diretamente aos impactos antrópicos locais, até a região próxima ao mar aberto, onde a interferência humana é reduzida, em quatro épocas do ano de 1999 (janeiro, maio, agosto e novembro). Para comparação dos resultados foram utilizados: o número total de espécies, a biomassa total, a diversidade (H') e a equitabilidade (J). Foram identificados 96 táxons, sendo 61 rodofíceas, 18 clorofíceas, 15 feofíceas e duas cianofíceas. O maior número de táxons (65) e os mais elevados valores de biomassa (492,4 g.m -2 ) foram observados no ponto 5, situado na Ponta da Marambaia. Ficou evidenciado o aumento da diversidade da região mais interna da baía em relação ao local mais próximo ao oceano. Sargassum spp. apresentaram a maior biomassa, seguida por Padina gymnospora e outras algas de menor porte como Hypnea spp., Gelidium pusillum, Pterocladiella caerulescens e Gelidiopsis spp. A utilização do método destrutivo permitiu uma caracterização detalhada da composição e da estrutura das comunidades fitobentônicas da baía de Sepetiba, facilitando no futuro, a identificação das mudanças impostas às comunidades através de abordagens metodológicas mais simples.Palavras-chave -biomassa, diversidade, gradiente de poluição, macroalgas IntroduçãoA baía de Sepetiba (BS), que até a década de 60 caracterizav...