Enterobactérias associadas a adultos de Musca domestica (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera: Muscidae) e Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1754) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) no Jardim Zoológico, Rio de Janeiro
“…The house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) is a major pest for human and domesticated animals. It is a potential vector of many different diseases such as dysentery, typhoid, trachoma and cutaneous diphtheria (1,2). Insecticide resistance has developed within all populations of M. domestica L. around the world, causing an important problem for house fly control (3,4).…”
Our results showed that pyrethroid resistance levels were very high and determined a decreasing trend for Antalya and İstanbul strains and an increasing trend for Adana and Şanlıurfa strain for all tested pyrethroid insecticides from 2004 to 2006. Although cypermethrin and cyphenothrin resistance showed a decreasing trend, deltamethrin and permethrin showed an increasing trend for the Izmir strain from 2004 to 2006. The same trend was also determined for the Ankara strain except for permethrin. Fenitrothion resistance was determined to be lower than pyrethroids, but these levels were still high. Flies from cow farms were generally more resistant than those from garbage dumps. Our results also revealed the presence of strong selective pressure on the populations.
“…The house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) is a major pest for human and domesticated animals. It is a potential vector of many different diseases such as dysentery, typhoid, trachoma and cutaneous diphtheria (1,2). Insecticide resistance has developed within all populations of M. domestica L. around the world, causing an important problem for house fly control (3,4).…”
Our results showed that pyrethroid resistance levels were very high and determined a decreasing trend for Antalya and İstanbul strains and an increasing trend for Adana and Şanlıurfa strain for all tested pyrethroid insecticides from 2004 to 2006. Although cypermethrin and cyphenothrin resistance showed a decreasing trend, deltamethrin and permethrin showed an increasing trend for the Izmir strain from 2004 to 2006. The same trend was also determined for the Ankara strain except for permethrin. Fenitrothion resistance was determined to be lower than pyrethroids, but these levels were still high. Flies from cow farms were generally more resistant than those from garbage dumps. Our results also revealed the presence of strong selective pressure on the populations.
“…It is a potential vector of more than 100 different disease organisms harmful to both humans and animals, including protozoans, bacteria, virus, and fungi (Greenberg 1973, Pandian and Asumtha 2001, Clavel et al 2002, Rajendran and Pandian 2003). The diseases transmitted by Musca species, including M. domestica , can include enteric infections (such as dysentery, diarrhea, typhoid, cholera, and certain helminth infections), eye infections (such as trachoma and epidemic conjunctivitis), poliomyelitis, and certain skin infections (such as yaws, cutaneous diphtheria, some mycoses, and leprosy) (Greenberg 1973, Oliveira et al 2006). Transmission takes place when the fly makes contact with people or their food (Pandian and Asumtha 2001).…”
Insect growth regulators (IGRs) are currently the fastest-growing class of insecticides, and in Turkey these products represent a new approach to pest control. In recent years, several IGRs were also registered for the control of the house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), in Turkey. A field survey was conducted in the summers of 2006 and 2007 to evaluate resistance to some agriculturally and medically used IGRs on house flies from livestock farms and garbage dumps in the greenhouse production areas (Merkez, Kumluca, Manavgat, and Serik) of Antalya province (Southwestern Turkey). The results of larval feeding assay with technical diflubenzuron, methoprene, novaluron, pyripoxyfen, and triflumuron indicate that low levels (RF<10-fold) of resistance to the IGRs exist in the house fly populations from Antalya province. Exceptions, however, were two populations, Guzoren and Toptas, from the Kumluca area which showed moderate resistance to diflubenzuron with 11.8-fold in 2006 and 13.2-fold in 2007, respectively. We found substantial variation in susceptibility of field-collected house fly populations from year to year and from product to product. We generally observed an increase in resistance at many localities sampled from 2006 to 2007. The implications of these results to the future use of IGRs for house fly control are discussed. It will be critically important to continue monitoring efforts so that appropriate steps can be taken if resistance levels start to increase.
“…como se presenta en la Tabla 3, aunque se identificó Enterobacter cloacae el cual se encuentra asociado en varios estudios realizados al medio acuático, donde es capaz de sobrevivir a diferentes condiciones. Además es considerado de importancia en este estudio por ser contaminante fecal capaz de producir graves daños no solo en el pescado sino en el consumidor (20).…”
En el Municipio El Colegio, Cundinamarca, se observa la necesidad de realizar controles periódicos sobre buenas prácticas de manufactura que disminuyan el grado de contaminación que pueda estar presentándose en los expendios de pescado fresco. El análisis bacteriológico permitió confirmar ausencia de los patógenos <em>Salmonella s.p, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli y Vibrio cholerae</em>, en contraste con la presencia en un alto índice de otro tipo de enterobacterias relacionadas en su mayoría con el agua de donde proviene el pescado, como <em>C. amalonaticus y C. freundii en un 30% de las muestras; K. oxytoca, E. cloacae, </em>y <em>E. tarda</em> <em>en un 10% </em>respectivamente. Para Mojarra Roja se aisló <em>K. oxytoca, K. ozaenae, E. tarda, P. mirabilis </em>en un <em>20% </em>respectivamente <em>y V. metschnikovii </em>en un 10%; microorganismos que en elevadas cantidades pueden representar un alto riesgo para la salud pública.
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