Enrichment of Cellulose Acetate Nanofibrous Scaffolds with Retinyl Palmitate and Clove Essential Oil for Wound Healing Applications

Abstract

The use of biocompatible materials and fabrication methods is of particular importance in the development of wound dressings. Cellulose acetate (CA) has excellent properties for wound dressing applications, but it is insufficient for the wound healing process due to its lack of bioactive and antibacterial properties. In this study, CA was electrospun with retinyl palmitate (RP) and clove essential oil (CLV) to fabricate a novel antibacterial and antioxidant biomaterial. The effects of RP and CLV incorporation on the surface morphology, fiber diameter, antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, cell viability, and release behavior of the fabricated CA mats were investigated. In light of these studies, it was determined that the nanofiber mat, fabricated with a 15% w/v CA polymer concentration, a 1% w/w RP ratio, and a 5% w/w CLV ratio, was biocompatible with L929 fibroblast cells with antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Overall, results showed that this nanofiber offers promise for use as a wound dressing.

Hypericum perforatum Oil and Vitamin A Palmitate-Loaded Gelatin Nanofibers Cross-Linked by Tannic Acid as Wound Dressings

“…The antibacterial activity of nanofiber membranes was also analyzed quantitatively by the OD technique as described by Akturk (2023) . Tubes without nanofiber samples were used as the control.…”

“…The antibacterial activity of nanofiber membranes was also analyzed quantitatively by the OD technique as described by Akturk (2023). 22 Tubes without nanofiber samples were used as the control. After incubation, the absorbance of the nutrient broth solutions was measured at 600 nm by using a UV–vis spectrophotometer (BioTek Synergy HT).…”

Chitosan–Oxidized Pullulan Hydrogels Loaded with Essential Clove Oil: Synthesis, Characterization, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties

“…The results demonstrate a similar activity against S. aureus and C. albicans (MIC of 2 mg/mL) and a slightly better activity against E. coli (MIC of 1.78 mg/mL). The obtained data are similar to those reported in the literature [57,80,81] and can be explained by the different composition of their cell wall structures that distinguish Gram-positive from Gram-negative bacteria. The disc diffusion method showed that CS/OP hydrogels without CO did not inhibit the growth of the three selected bacteria and fungi strains (Figure S5).…”

“…The antimicrobial and antifungal effects of the hydrogels against total viable bacteria (Log CFU/mL) were measured after incubation of bacterial strains at a density of 1.5 × 10 8 CFU/mL in the presence of hydrogels for different periods. As the results show (Figure 10), the effectiveness of the CS/OPx-Cy hydrogels was better against E. coli than S. aureus, similar to that of free CO, due to the different composition of the cell wall structure [57,80]. All hydrogels provided a significant reduction in the bacterial number indicating their good antibacterial activity.…”

Electrospun Poly(ϵ-caprolactone) Nanofibers Containing Pomegranate Peel Extract and Bioactive Glass as Potential Wound Dressings

“…The cell viability (expressed in%) observed with the varying extract concentrations was 103.35 ± 3.72 for PCL/BG/5PPE, 95.52 ± 3.16 for PCL/BG/10PPE, and 85.23 ± 5.66 for PCL/BG/15PPE. In accordance with EN ISO-10993-5/12, cell viability greater than 80% is classified as non-toxic [35,36]. The viability of the L929 cells incubated at all the extract concentrations was above 80%.…”