Enlarging the donor base: an analysis of the World Food Programme’s reform process and the Brazilian bridge diplomacy

Abstract

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Brazil’s Humanitarian Food Cooperation: From an Innovative Policy to the Politics of Traditional Aid

“…White (2011) and Smith (2011) pointed out several reasons for the prominence of the WFP among the emerging donors, including the relevance of food insecurity on the international scene due to recurrent economic, environmental, and humanitarian crises; the good reputation of the organization, and the legal and operational domestic constraints that led countries to use WFP instruments to carry out their international cooperation. All of them were present in the Brazilian case (Lima & Santana, 2020).…”

“…Another was the convenience of using WFP's specialized logistics and skills, which contrasted with the Brazilian lack of expertise. 15 A third factor was the interest of the WFP itself in bringing Brazil into its donor base (Fernandes, 2013a;Lima & Santana, 2020). 16 Three of the CGFome's employees commented that if the government had the capacity to pay for international transportation, Brazil would not have attached its humanitarian cooperation too much to the WFP.…”

Mobilising international embeddedness to resist radical policy change and dismantling: the case of Brazil under Jair Bolsonaro (2019–2022)

“…Partnerships with the UN allowed the country to circumvent existing legal and financial obstacles to implementing development initiatives abroad, but also to expand its outreach and legitimacy as a "rising power" in the field of international development (Milani, 2018;Suyama et al, 2016;Waisbich & Haug, 2022). UN agencies also made use of Brazil's expertise and resources to reposition themselves in the new global configurations of power and expertise (Esteves & Assunção, 2014;Lima & Santana, 2020;Milhorance & Soule-Kohndou, 2017). Through these partnerships, both UN entities and the Brazilian policy actors participated in iterative processes of "certification of Brazilian programs and technologies" (Milhorance, 2014, p. 86) and of global diffusion of policies, programmes (as well as policy ideas and instruments) as "best practices" to other countries.…”

Brazilian Foreign Policy and Family Farming: Internationalisation Processes through the Analysis of ‘Forums and Arenas’

“…In addition to the articles on this Special Issue that address policy diffusion processes, several studies explore the internationalisation of Brazil's social innovations, either by targeting a specific agenda (Sabourin and Grisa 2018), highlighting the role of policy networks (Esteves, Zoccal and Fonseca 2020), or analysing more deeply the foreign policy interests and the country's ambition in a particular multilateral venue (Lima and Santana 2020). Our contribution seeks to bridge foreign policy decision-making in multilateral venues and domestic politics, highlighting how the ideas underneath this process may impact the internationalisation of the FF policy agenda.…”