Enlarged striatum in abstinent methamphetamine abusers: A possible compensatory response

Chang, Linda; Cloak, Christine; Patterson, Kkari; Grob, Charles S.; Miller, Eric N.; Ernst, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.01.039

Cited by 176 publications

(241 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…The failure of bupropion to have a significant impact on heavy users raises the important question of what pharmacological treatment might be effective for them. Heavy methamphetamine use may contribute to neurotoxicity (Chang et al, 2005), which may manifest clinically as cognitive impairment, and require a different therapeutic strategy, such as a cognitive enhancer. Preclinical data suggest that methylphenidate is capable of attenuating the effects of high doses of methamphetamine on the DA transporter (Sandoval et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bupropion for the Treatment of Methamphetamine Dependence

Elkashef

Rawson

Anderson

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

193

188

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Bupropion was tested for efficacy in increasing weeks of abstinence in methamphetamine-dependent patients, compared to placebo. This was a double-blind placebo-controlled study, with 12 weeks of treatment and a 30-day follow-up. Five outpatient substance abuse treatment clinics located west of the Mississippi participated in the study. One hundred and fifty-one treatment-seekers with DSM-IV diagnosis of methamphetamine dependence were consented and enrolled. Seventy-two participants were randomized to placebo and 79 to sustained-release bupropion 150 mg twice daily. Patients were asked to come to the clinic three times per week for assessments, urine drug screens, and 90-min group psychotherapy. The primary outcome was the change in proportion of participants having a methamphetamine-free week. Secondary outcomes included: urine for quantitative methamphetamine, self-report of methamphetamine use, subgroup analyses of balancing factors and comorbid conditions, addiction severity, craving, risk behaviors for HIV, and use of other substances. The generalized estimating equation regression analysis showed that, overall, the difference between bupropion and placebo groups in the probability of a non-use week over the 12-week treatment period was not statistically significant (p ¼ 0.09). Mixed model regression was used to allow adjustment for baseline factors in addition to those measured (site, gender, level of baseline use, and level of symptoms of depression). This subgroup analysis showed that bupropion had a significant effect compared to placebo, among male patients who had a lower level of methamphetamine use at baseline (po0.0001). Comorbid depression and attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder did not change the outcome. These data suggest that bupropion, in combination with behavioral group therapy, was effective for increasing the number of weeks of abstinence in participants with low-to-moderate methamphetamine dependence, mainly male patients, regardless of their comorbid condition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bupropion for the Treatment of Methamphetamine Dependence

Elkashef

Rawson

Anderson

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

193

188

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Methamphetamine and cocaine abusers show altered function in prefrontal and striatal dopaminergic circuits (Baxter et al, 1988;Chang et al, 2005;Sekine et al, 2003;Volkow et al, 2001a;2001b). Dopaminergic systems in the striatum and prefrontal cortex are also thought to be involved in attention, working memory and impulse control (Arnsten and Li, 2005;Cardinal et al, 2004;Evenden, 1999;Paulus et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired time perception and motor timing in stimulant-dependent subjects

Wittmann

Leland

Churan

et al. 2007

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

147

152

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Stimulant-dependent individuals (SDI) have abnormal brain metabolism and structural changes involving dopaminergic target areas important for the processing of time. These individuals are also more impulsive and impaired in working memory and attention. The current study tested whether SDI show altered temporal processing in relation to impulsivity or impaired prefrontal cortex functioning. We employed a series of timing tasks aimed to examine time processing from the milliseconds to multiple seconds range and assessed cognitive function in 15 male SDI and 15 stimulant-naïve individuals. A mediation analysis determined the degree to which impulsivity or executive dysfunctions contributed to group differences in time processing. SDI showed several abnormal time processing characteristics. SDI needed larger time differences for effective duration discrimination, particularly for intervals of around 1 sec. SDI also accelerated finger tapping during a continuation period after a 1 Hz pacing stimulus was removed. In addition, SDI overestimated the duration of a relatively long time interval, an effect which was attributable to higher impulsivity. Taken together, these data show for the first time that SDI exhibit altered time processing in several domains, one which can be explained by increased impulsivity. Altered time processing in SDI could explain why SDI have difficulty delaying gratification.

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“…Similarly, an unexpected fi nding that hypertrophy of basal ganglia nuclei occurs in stimulant users [84][85][86][87] might be explained by altered patterns of neuronogenesis and gliogenesis in response to brain injury or chemical insult [88][89][90][91][92] and is consistent with the increased magnetic resonance spectroscopy signals for 'activated glial' cells and reduced neuronal metabolism which has been obtained from these structures. 54,67 Neural stem cells normally differentiate into both glia and neurons, and in animals the latter migrate anteriorly in the rostral migratory stream to the olfactory bulb.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

An intriguing association between dental and mental pathology in addicted and control subjects: a cross-sectional survey

Reece

2008

Br Dent J

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Enlarged striatum in abstinent methamphetamine abusers: A possible compensatory response

Cited by 176 publications

References 36 publications

Bupropion for the Treatment of Methamphetamine Dependence

Bupropion for the Treatment of Methamphetamine Dependence

Impaired time perception and motor timing in stimulant-dependent subjects

An intriguing association between dental and mental pathology in addicted and control subjects: a cross-sectional survey

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