Enhancing surface characteristics of Ti–6Al–4V for bio-implants using integrated anodization and thermal oxidation

Effects of processing conditions on the physico-chemical characteristics of titanium dioxide ultra-thin films deposited by DC magnetron sputtering

“…DC magnetron sputtering oxidation of Ti ultra-thin films, in comparison with other TiO 2 thin film production methods, such as sol-gel, ion-assisted deposition and chemical vapor deposition, is a method with more efficiency and flexibility. The various oxidizing temperatures of the Ti films, result in structures with different stoichiometry or crystallinity [8,[11][12][13][14][15].…”

Biophysical evaluation of cells on nanotubular surfaces: the effects of atomic ordering and chemistry

“…These observations are summarized in the schematic Figure 4J where it is shown that the cell layer grows inside the opening of the nanotubes resulting in their spreading and better attachment to the surface. (24,48, and 72 hours). The symbol **means that the P-value is less than 0.05.…”

“…18,19 The effect of nanotubes' wettability, diameter, crystallinity, and alloying elements has been investigated in several studies. [20][21][22][23][24] Wettability is sharply increased after anodization of flat (without nanotube) Ti, which enhances protein adsorption from body fluids in contact with implant surface and consequently enhances cell adhesion. [25][26][27] Popat et al's 28 results indicated that in comparison to flat Ti surfaces, nanotubular surfaces provided higher cell adhesion, alkaline phosphatase activity, and extracellular matrix (ECM) production as well as enhanced calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P).…”

Transparent TiO2 nanotubes on zirconia for biomedical applications

“…[18][19][20][21] TNTs also improve the physiochemical characteristics of surfaces as shown through their ability to maintain surface wettability for a period of at least one month compared to smooth or rough Ti surfaces. [22][23][24] Hydrophilic surfaces attract more bronectin (FN) and vitronectin (VN) protein from the body uids, which are essential sites for cellular attachment and proliferation.…”

“…Therefore, high initial WCA of 20 and 30 min anodized samples may be due to the higher probability of air entrapment inside the nanotubes in addition to lower Ti(OH) 4 amount in TNTs walls due to conversion of Ti(OH) 4 to TiO 2 by condensation reaction of the hydrated oxide layer as the anodization duration increases. 19,30 Dahotre et al explain this higher WCA behavior of rougher samples using the Cassie and Baxter model. 63 In their study, micro-textures of different roughness are created on Ti6Al-4V alloy using laser-based optical interference and direct melting technique.…”