Tissue discoloration in dental implant patients with thin gingival tissue is one of the many causes of dental implants' revision surgery. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to address this issue by developing a surface that has a "tooth like bright colored" appearance while at the same time enhancing the bone implant integration. A biomimetic surface is fabricated by forming transparent TiO 2 nanotubes on zirconia (TTNZ) that can enhance the proliferation and attachment of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) as compared to roughened ZrO 2 . This surface treatment was aimed to resolve tissue discoloration and aesthetic appearance problems for dental implant patients, while also enhancing biocompatibility. TiO 2 nanotubes (TNTs) were formed using an electrochemical anodization technique in MTT assay showed a significantly high cell proliferation for anodized Ti-ZrO 2 surface as compared to roughened ZrO 2 after 7 days of incubation.

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