“…Despite these specialized programs, strong historical ties to the struggle of African-Americans, and emphasis on social justice (defined as an ideal condition in which all members of a society have the same basic rights, protections, opportunities, obligations, and social benefits; Lee & Barrett, 2007), social work as a profession, like other helping professions, continues to be unclear about how to best meet the needs of the African-American community (Ayalon & Young, 2005;Johnson et al, 2004;Lindsey et al, 2006).…”