Enhancement of neuroprotective activity of Sagunja-tang by fermentation with lactobacillus strains

Abstract

BackgroundSagunja-tang (SGT) is widely used in traditional herbal medicine to treat immune system and gastrointestinal disorders and reportedly has protective effects against inflammation, cancer, and osteoporosis. In this study, we fermented SGT with different Latobacillus strains and investigated the change in phytochemical compositions in SGT and enhancement of it neuroprotective effects in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma.MethodsMarker components, including ginsenoside Rg1, glycyrrhizin, liquiritin, liquiritigenin, atractylenolide I, atractylenolide II, atractylenolide III, and pachymic acid, in SGT, were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. SGT was fermented with eight different Lactobacillus strains to yield eight fermented SGTs (FSGTs). The conversion efficiencies of SGT marker components were determined in each FSGT. To detect the protective effect of SGT and FSGT, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay and mitochondrial membrane potentials (MMPs) assay were performed in SH-SY5Y cells.ResultsCompared with the other FSGTs, SGT166, i.e., SGT fermented with L. plantarum 166, had high conversion efficiency, as indicated by increased amounts of glycyrrhizin, liquiritigenin, and atractylenolides I–III. In SH-SY5Y cells, protection against cell death induced by H2O2 and etoposide was high using SGT166 and very low using SGT. Furthermore, ROS production and mitochondrial membrane potential disruption in SH-SY5Y cells were markedly suppressed by SGT166 treatment, which demonstrated that inhibition of ROS generation may be one of the neuroprotective mechanisms of SGT166.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that fermentation of SGT with L. plantarum 166 enhanced suppression of oxidative stress and MMP loss. This enhanced neuroprotective effect was thought to be caused by the conversion of SGT phytochemicals by fermentation. SGT166 shows potential for treating neurological damage-related diseases.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-018-2361-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Multidisciplinary and Comparative Investigations of Potential Psychobiotic Effects of Lactobacillus Strains Isolated From Newborns and Their Impact on Gut Microbiota and Ileal Transcriptome in a Healthy Murine Model

“…This phenomenon negatively influences the mind status of the host through the gut-brain axis through neuroinflammation (Wang et al, 2010). The establishment of an immunological status potentiated to anti-inflammation which is described as a regulatory immune tone by Beck et al (2016) in the gut as a response to probiotics may decrease the permeability of the gut and prevent “leaky gut.” Based on contributions of anti-inflammatory effects on neuroprotection, several studies demonstrated neuroprotective effects of lactobacilli or lactobacilli-fermented products (Musa et al, 2017; Yim et al, 2018; Wang et al, 2019). Therefore, the anti-inflammatory potentials of the F4 strain both in vitro IL-10 stimulation and inhibition of NO production in murine macrophage cell model and increased IL-10 concentration in the ileums of F4-treated group may suggest the mode of actions of this potential psychobiotic bacterium, as evident from the well-reviewed interactions between the immune and nervous system through the gut microbiota by Fung et al (2017).…”

Effect of traditional chinese medicine (TCM) and its fermentation using Lactobacillus plantarum on ceftriaxone sodium-induced dysbacteriotic diarrhea in mice

“…Furthermore, microorganisms have been employed in fermenting TCM. It is well known that probiotics are used to ferment Scutellaria Radix [ 11 ], Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma [ 12 ], red ginseng [ 13 ], and some Chinese prescriptions such as Danggui Buxue Tang [ 14 ], Sagunja-tang [ 15 ], Ge-Gen-Qin-Lian decoction [ 16 ].…”

Palmul-Tang, a Korean Medicine, Promotes Bone Formation via BMP-2 Pathway in Osteoporosis

“…Interruption of "blood" circulation is highly involved in increasing osteoclastic activities leading to induction of cumulative bone loss as a crucial factor for bone growth (Fricke and Krokowski, 1975;Alagiakrishnan et al, 2003). In addition, Palmul-tang is a combination of Sagunja-tang and Samul-tang, which is reported to be effective for osteoporosis (Lee et al, 1995;Shim et al, 2011;Yim et al, 2018). Based on the recent studies, we anticipated that Palmul-tang soft extracts (PMT) has ameliorative effects on post-menopausal osteoporosis.…”