Palmul-Tang, a Korean Medicine, Promotes Bone Formation via BMP-2 Pathway in Osteoporosis

Abstract

Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disease in post-menopausal women. Palmul-tang, an herbal medicine, has been treated for gynecological disease such as anemia, anorexia, anti-fatigue, unspecified menstruation and female infertility in East Asia. In this study, ameliorative effects of Palmul-tang soft extracts (PMT), a Korean Medicine, on osteoporosis were investigated. Ovariectomized (OVX) osteoporotic ICR mice were intragastrically administrated PMT for 4 weeks. The level of bone mineral density (BMD) was analyzed in bone tissues by dual X-ray absorptiometry. The bone medullary cavity and deposition of collagen were investigated by histological analysis. In addition, the BMP-2 signaling-related molecules, osteoblastic differentiation and formation markers, were determined in femoral tissues. The levels of BMD and bone mineral content were significantly increased in tibia, femurs and LV by treatment of PMT. PMT replenished bone marrow cavity and increased collagen deposition in bone marrow cells of femur. In addition, administration of PMT recovered serum ALP, bALP, osteocalcin and calcium levels in osteoporotic mice. Moreover, PMT treatment up-regulated the expressions of BMP-2, RUNX2 and OSX with its downstream factors, ALP, OPN and BSP-1, in the femoral tissues. Taken together, PMT restored the bone minerals and improvement of bone integrity by bone-forming BMP-2 signaling pathway. These results demonstrate that PMT could be an ameliorative agent for osteoporosis.

Osteopontin, a bridge links osteoarthritis and osteoporosis

“…Research indicated that monocropping was able to increase the proliferation and activity of ALP, bone matrix mineralization and the expression of bone matrix protein OPN accompanied by decreasing the production of IL-6 and IL-1b via suppressing the activity of the NF-kB signaling pathway (61). Choi et al (96) found that Palmultang could also increase bone mineral content and improve bone mineral density to treat OP. Furthermore, they indicated that the therapeutic effect of Palmul-tang mainly depended on up-regulating the expressions of BMP-2, Runx2, and Osx with its downstream factors ALP and OPN through the BMP-2 signaling pathway.…”

“…Choi et al. ( 96 ) found that Palmul-tang could also increase bone mineral content and improve bone mineral density to treat OP. Furthermore, they indicated that the therapeutic effect of Palmul-tang mainly depended on up-regulating the expressions of BMP-2, Runx2, and Osx with its downstream factors ALP and OPN through the BMP-2 signaling pathway.…”

Hydroxyapatite composited PEEK with 3D porous surface enhances osteoblast differentiation through mediating NO by macrophage

“…Many reports have suggested that RUNX2 is an important cytokine for early osteogenic differentiation [ 50 , 51 ]. On the one hand, RUNX2 can promote bone formation by influencing osteogenic differentiation indicators, such as ALP through its downstream gene OSX [ 52 , 53 ]. On the other hand, MMPs play a fundamental role in the process of mineralized matrix degradation that could lead to bone resorption, and the mechanism of their expression largely depends on the activation of osteogenic differentiation-specific transcription factors, such as RUNX2 [ 34 ].…”

Effect of Allium fistulosum Extracts on the Stimulation of Longitudinal Bone Growth in Animal Modeling Diet-Induced Calcium and Vitamin D Deficiencies

“…Moreover, we observed that the ALP enzyme increased the activity of early-differentiated cells and mature osteoblasts. It has been reported that herbal extracts such as Astragalus membranaceus, Palmul-tang, and Areca catechu increase ALP activity during early bone formation [19][20][21].…”