Enhancement of emission from indium in flowing liquid anode atmospheric pressure glow discharge using organic media

Gręda, Krzysztof; Burhenn, Sebastian; Pohl, Paweł; Franzke, Joachim

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.015

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Actually, Zhu et al, Pohl et al, and other groups successfully accomplished the application of various LMW organic substances to enhance μPIVG efficiencies of many elements. 15,29,32,33,40,44 However, there are still large amounts of works that need to be done to broaden the application range of μPIVG and to clarify the mechanism for these enhancements.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to previous works, − the addition of various low molecular weight (LMW) organic substances (formic acid, methanol, ethanol, and other organic compounds) is one of the most efficient strategies to improve the analytical performance of LED-OES and has been successfully used for the sensitive determination of Hg, Cd, Bi, Ga, In, etc. However, the exact and detailed mechanism for these improvements is unclear, and it is speculated that the LMW organic substances can not only promote the efficiency of analyte transport from the liquid phase to the plasma phase by forming volatile species but also presumably improve the atomization/excitation conditions of microplasma.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The μPIVG usually occurs in the reaction zone between the sample solution and its counter electrode, and its efficiency is also crucially influenced by adding LMW organic substances. Actually, Zhu et al, Pohl et al, and other groups successfully accomplished the application of various LMW organic substances to enhance μPIVG efficiencies of many elements. ,,,,, However, there are still large amounts of works that need to be done to broaden the application range of μPIVG and to clarify the mechanism for these enhancements.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methanol-Enhanced Liquid Electrode Discharge Microplasma-Induced Vapor Generation of Hg, Cd, and Zn: The Possible Mechanism and Its Application

Pan

Lin

et al. 2021

Anal. Chem.

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Despite increased interest in microplasma-induced vapor generation (μPIVG) over the past several years, applications in real sample analyses remain limited due to their relatively low vapor generation efficiency and ambiguous mechanism. In this work, a novel method using methanol for significantly enhancing the liquid electrode discharge μPIVG efficiency was developed for the simultaneous and sensitive determination of Hg, Cd, and Zn by atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS). It is worth noting that the possible enhancement mechanism was investigated via the characterizations of volatile products by AFS, microplasma optical emission spectrometry, online gas chromatography, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, which involved the reductive species such as electrons, hydrogen radicals (·H), methyl radicals (·CH3), and other intermediates in the argon plasma adding methanol. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection of 0.007, 0.05, and 0.5 μg L–1 were obtained for Hg, Cd, and Zn, respectively, with relative standard deviations of 3.1, 3.7, and 5.2% for these elements, respectively. Vapor generation efficiencies of 90, 83, and 55% were achieved for Hg, Cd, and Zn, respectively, and improved 2.7-, 4.8-, and 7.9-fold, respectively, compared to those obtained in the absence of methanol. The accuracy and practicability of the proposed method were validated by the determination of Hg, Cd, and Zn in a certified reference material (CRM, Lobster hepatopancreas, TORT-3) and crayfish samples collected from three different provinces of China.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Methanol-Enhanced Liquid Electrode Discharge Microplasma-Induced Vapor Generation of Hg, Cd, and Zn: The Possible Mechanism and Its Application

Pan

Lin

et al. 2021

Anal. Chem.

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“…In addition, a high-resolution spectrometer with excellent performance, i.e., a Shamrock SR-500i equipped with an intensified charge-coupled device detector, could also improve the analytical performance and LODs. 5 , 37 It is worth mentioning that the LCGD excitation source is a portable instrument with low cost and power.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Cathode Glow Discharge as an Excitation Source for the Analysis of Complex Water Samples with Atomic Emission Spectrometry

Zhang

et al. 2020

ACS Omega

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A liquid cathode glow discharge (LCGD) was developed as a low-power and miniaturized excitation source of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) for the determination of K, Na, Ca, and Mg in water samples from rivers and lakes. The discharge stability and parameter influencing the analytical performance of LCGD-AES were systematically examined. Moreover, the measurement results of water samples using LCGD-AES were verified by ion chromatography (IC). The results showed that the optimized operating parameters are a 660 V discharge voltage, pH = 1.0 HNO 3 as the supporting electrolyte, and a 4.0 mL min –1 solution flow rate. High concentrations of some metals may interfere with the detection of Ca and Mg. Low-molecular-weight organic substances do not have a remarkable enhancement on signal intensity. With the addition of 0.5% cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), the emission intensity of elements can enhance significantly. However, it is not used to further evaluate the analytical performance due to instability of plasma after adding CTAC. The maximum power of LCGD is 52 W. The limits of detection and precision (RSD, in 1 mg L –1 ) of K, Na, Ca, and Mg are 0.20, 0.02, 0.01, and 0.01 mg L –1 and 0.9, 1.5, 0.6, and 1.2%, respectively. The measurement results of K, Na, Ca, and Mg in water samples by LCGD-AES are basically in agreement with the reference values measured by IC. The recovery of samples ranged from 84 to 113% except for Na, suggesting that the measurement results have high accuracy and reliability. All the results indicated that the LCGD-AES can provide an alternative analytical method for in situ, real-time, on-line determination of K, Na, Ca, and Mg in water samples from rivers and lakes.

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“…To further improve the analytical performance of HDC-APGD-ICP-OES, the effect of the addition of low molecular weight organic compounds (LMWOCs) into the sample solution was also investigated. According to the literature data, it seems that LMWOCs promote the formation of volatile derivatives of analytes in APGD-type systems, which results in the significant enhancement of their signals [23][24][25][26][27][28]. Herein, the following LMWOCs were examined: alcohols (CH 3 OH, CH 2 H 5 OH), acids (HCOOH, CH 3 COOH), and aldehyde (HCHO).…”

Section: Comparison Of Hdc-apgd and Pnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hanging drop cathode-atmospheric pressure glow discharge as a new method of sample introduction for inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry

et al. 2020

Self Cite

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This work reports the use of hanging drop cathode-atmospheric pressure glow discharge (HDC-APGD) as a new method of sample introduction for inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The developed arrangement was characterized by a low sample uptake (0.56 mL min−1) and the fact that the entire sample solution volume was consumed by the discharge. This resulted in a very high transport efficiency of analytes from the sample solution into the ICP torch (usually > 80%). Under the optimal operating conditions of HDC-APGD, intensities of emission lines of studied elements were, on average, 2 times higher as compared to those obtained with conventional pneumatic nebulization (PN). Moreover, in the case of I and Y, the observed signal enhancements were even higher, i.e., 6.2 and 6.1 times, respectively. It was also shown that in the case of B and some elements that are known to form different volatile species (Ag, Bi, Cd, Hg, Os, Pb, and Se), the presence of low molecular weight organic compounds in the sample solution, i.e., CH3OH, C2H5OH, HCOOH, CH3COOH, or HCHO, resulted in the additional enhancement of their signals. It was especially evident in the case of Hg for which a 8.6-fold signal enhancement in the presence of HCOOH was noticed. The system presented herein was distinguished from other competitive APGD-type discharges because it could be successfully used for the determination of a vast group of elements, including alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, and non-metals.

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Enhancement of emission from indium in flowing liquid anode atmospheric pressure glow discharge using organic media

Cited by 30 publications

References 29 publications

Methanol-Enhanced Liquid Electrode Discharge Microplasma-Induced Vapor Generation of Hg, Cd, and Zn: The Possible Mechanism and Its Application

Methanol-Enhanced Liquid Electrode Discharge Microplasma-Induced Vapor Generation of Hg, Cd, and Zn: The Possible Mechanism and Its Application

Liquid Cathode Glow Discharge as an Excitation Source for the Analysis of Complex Water Samples with Atomic Emission Spectrometry

Hanging drop cathode-atmospheric pressure glow discharge as a new method of sample introduction for inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry

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