“…[1][2][3][4][5] When a bioactive glass is immersed in the simulated body fluid (SBF) solution or implanted in the human body, a surface hydroxyapatite layer is formed, that has similar composition to the bone, allowing bone grafting. [5][6] The bioactivity mechanism of bioglasses was described by several steps [1,4,7] : (a) rapid exchange of Na + , Ca 2+ ions from materials with H3O + ions in physiological solution; (b) loss of silicic acid Si(OH)4 by breaking of Si-O-Si bridging links and subsequent formation of surface silanol groups in this process; (c) condensation and re-polymerization of SiO2 rich surface layer on the surface; (d) migration of Ca 2+ , PO4 3ions through the silica-rich layer, forming a phosphorous and calcium-rich layer, and a subsequently amorphous calcium phosphate layer, forming a double-layer structure; (e) crystallization of the amorphous calcium phosphate layer by the OH -, CO3 2ion incorporation.…”