Enhanced ultrasonic assisted biodiesel production from meat industry waste (pig tallow) using green copper oxide nanocatalyst: Comparison of response surface and neural network modelling

Suresh, T.; Sivarajasekar, N.; Balasubramani, K.

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2020.09.112

Cited by 63 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These volatile matter contents were evaluated as the first heating khat sample in the furnace without oxygen at 750 °C for 15 minutes, and the mass of the sample before and after heating was recorded, and the volatile matter of the khat sample became 76.3% and discussed in Figure 5. This study of khat moisture is 4.87%, and similarly, the ash contents of khat are slightly less than that of banana leaves, 9.05% ash; this suggests that khat is used for fuel from bananas [37][38][39]. The percentages of fixed carbon were analyzed from the summation of all ash, volatile, and moisture contents from 100.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Synthesis of Plant‐Derived Khat Waste for Environmental Application

Afessa¹,

Saka²,

Jule³

et al. 2022

Journal of Nanomaterials

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This research is based on the characterization of khat waste (Catha edulis) through the use of some experimental approaches required to produce a clean, renewable energy source that could enhance our environmental economy as well as our energy security. The objective of this article is to characterize the pyrolysis khat waste in both proximate and ultimate analysis, thermal decomposition (weight loss of khat), and functional categories of khat waste, by using a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to determine the functional group of a sample. We also used an elemental analyzer device (model: Thermo Scientific–EA1112 FLASH CHNS/O analyzer) to measure elemental composition, characterize the proximate analysis of khat, and measure weight loss or thermal behavior of raw khat sample by using a device called thermogravimetric analyzer (TA instrument model: SDT Q600). The determined characterization of the khat sample was 48.25 percent carbon, 6.16 percent hydrogen, 45.13 percent oxygen, and 0.46 percent nitrogen. When compared to coal, khat contains extremely little nitrogen, resulting in less environmental contamination to the air than fossil fuel combustion. The proximate analysis results of the khat sample also showed 5 percent and 5.26 percent moisture content for both wet and dry bases, respectively, as well as 76.3 percent volatile matter, 4.8 percent ash content, and 13.83 percent fixed carbon. The findings are discussed in this research by comparing the final value results with other biomass and coil. The functional group of khat waste was studied using a spectrum of (65 Perkin Elmer) at wavelength ranges of 4000 to 400 cm-1. The weight loss of the khat sample at 700°C and a heating rate of 20°C/min, as well as the proximate analysis of this raw khat, were 4.5 percent, 75.84 percent, 5.38 percent, and 14.28 percent for moisture, unstable substance, ash content, and static carbon, respectively. The differences between TGA values and the projected proximal value were 10%, 0.6 percent, 9.47 percent, and 3.15 percent for moisture, volatile matter, as content, and fixed carbon, respectively. Overall, the benefit we get from pyrolysis of khat waste is that khat waste has very low nitrogen content and empty sulfur, which is very important for reducing air pollution and environmental sanitation when used as fuel. So from pyrolysis, khat waste types of fuel such as biochar, liquid fuel, and gas fuel can be obtained.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Synthesis of Plant‐Derived Khat Waste for Environmental Application

Afessa¹,

Saka²,

Jule³

et al. 2022

Journal of Nanomaterials

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“…The testing was conducted as per the ASTM D6751 standards, and the result is presented in Table 4. Fuel properties such as viscosity, 40 flash point, 41 and cetane number 42,43 were found to be within the limit of standards. Hence, the proposed non-edible mixed oil is a suitable feedstock for biodiesel production.…”

Section: Physical and Chemical Properties Of The Prepared Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 88%

Multi-response and multi-criteria decision-making optimization of transesterification reaction for biodiesel production based on critic weight determination method

Balamurugan¹,

Seenivasan²,

Kalos

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E:

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Population, industrialization, and urbanization made to exploit high volume of fossil fuels such as diesel to meet energy demands. Excess application of fossil fuels created environmental and health threats, hike in oil prices, and depletion of resources. Biodiesel was termed as a predominant alternative renewable fuel for diesel engines. In this research, a novel fuel is produced from the mixed feedstocks such as castor oil, mahua oil, and processed dairy waste by mixing in equal volumes (each 33.33% v/v). An esterification reaction was performed initially, since the acid value of raw oil is found to be 4.11 mg KOH/g oil. Three different acid catalyst concentrations (1, 2, and 3% v/v) were used to ascertain the effect of acid catalyst concentration on the acid value of oil. The acid value of esterified oil from the esterification reaction tends to decrease with an increase in acid concentration. Transesterification reaction parameters such as catalyst utilization (wt%), reaction temperature (°C), and oil to methanol ratio (molar) were varied in three levels (27 transesterification experiments) based on the Taguchi method to find the optimal reaction parameters for maximum biodiesel yield, high fuel flash point, and low fuel viscosity. At the end of each transesterification reaction, biodiesel yield percentage, and its properties such as fuel flash point and viscosity were measured as per the ASTM standard (D6751). Based on the multi-criteria decision-making-GRA method, the optimal value for maximum biodiesel yield and fuel properties such as flash point and viscosity was determined as catalyst utilization (3 wt%), reaction temperature (55 °C), and a molar oil to methanol ratio of 12. In addition, an earthen lamp test was conducted and measured properties of fuel were delineated to reveal that the produced biodiesel from the mixed non-edible oil is an effective feedstock for biodiesel production.

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“…In patents (Figure B), the trend is similar, but inventions in Energy Technology and Environmental Chemistry related to Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering also show prominently. For example, journal documents using analytical chemistry techniques such as mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, and Raman spectroscopies are augmented with machine learning for use in medical diagnostics, − studies of metabolomics, − and microbial identification, − while biochemistry-related analytical chemistry patents concentrate on the development of analytical devices and methods for use in similar studies. − AI-related journal documents with interest in Materials Science and Physical Chemistry discuss topics, such as the evaluation of structure–property relationships in materials by augmenting first-principles calculations with machine learning models, − using data from high-throughput experimentation to optimize the properties of functional materials, − and the use of published data to enable the discovery of new materials. − In patents, the combination of AI, Materials Science, and Physical Chemistry is used in methods for improving semiconductor device fabrication − and polymer performance. − …”

Section: Distribution Of Ai-related Chemistry Publications By Researc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Intelligence in Chemistry: Current Trends and Future Directions

Baum¹,

Yu²,

Ayala³

et al. 2021

J. Chem. Inf. Model.

129

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The application of artificial intelligence (AI) to chemistry has grown tremendously in recent years. In this Review, we studied the growth and distribution of AI-related chemistry publications in the last two decades using the CAS Content Collection. The volume of both journal and patent publications have increased dramatically, especially since 2015. Study of the distribution of publications over various chemistry research areas revealed that analytical chemistry and biochemistry are integrating AI to the greatest extent and with the highest growth rates. We also investigated trends in interdisciplinary research and identified frequently occurring combinations of research areas in publications. Furthermore, topic analyses were conducted for journal and patent publications to illustrate emerging associations of AI with certain chemistry research topics. Notable publications in various chemistry disciplines were then evaluated and presented to highlight emerging use cases. Finally, the occurrence of different classes of substances and their roles in AI-related chemistry research were quantified, further detailing the popularity of AI adoption in the life sciences and analytical chemistry. In summary, this Review offers a broad overview of how AI has progressed in various fields of chemistry and aims to provide an understanding of its future directions.

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Enhanced ultrasonic assisted biodiesel production from meat industry waste (pig tallow) using green copper oxide nanocatalyst: Comparison of response surface and neural network modelling

Cited by 63 publications

References 25 publications

Synthesis of Plant‐Derived Khat Waste for Environmental Application

Synthesis of Plant‐Derived Khat Waste for Environmental Application

Multi-response and multi-criteria decision-making optimization of transesterification reaction for biodiesel production based on critic weight determination method

Artificial Intelligence in Chemistry: Current Trends and Future Directions

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