A green deposition method of zinc oxide nanoparticles using coffee leaf extraction was successfully prepared. The use of these preparation techniques is accepted by many researchers because it is nonexpensive and simple and has no environmental impact during the operation. The determination and reduction of Zn ions to ZnO NPs were characterized by using a UV-visible spectroscope. The UV-visible spectroscopy result reveals that the large band gap energy is observed in the visible region at the wavelength of 300 nm. X-ray diffraction and SEM analysis confirm that the deposited nanoparticle is highly crystalline with (111), (222), and (100) planes and cubic shape structure. The coffee leaf extraction serves as a reducing agent for stability of the particle length, where its medicinal value outcome showed an important antibacteria of the pathogenic type which appeared on the wound. The present research deals with the green synthesis of ZnO NPs as well as its application in toxicity reduction.

Biosynthesis of nanoparticles is a new way to produce nanoparticles by using bioorganic foundations. It is attainment care because it is cost-effective, eco-friendly, and comprehensive measure manufacture potentials. The application of leaf extract to depose nanoparticles has been taken as a green method. In this study (Carissa spinarum L.), leaf extracts were reserved for examining their possibility to prepare zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). Zinc acetate is used as the source of zinc; deposition temperature and time were 80 degree Celsius and 60 minutes, respectively. The characterization study was done by UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and photoluminescence (PL). The surface plasmon resonance around 358 nm from the UV–Vis qualitative evaluation result represents the ZnO NPs formation. The crystalline shape of nanoparticles is disclosed inside the XRD result, morphology confirmed through SEM effects, and consequently, the ZnO NPs scale was predicted. We have given allotted the image-catalytic degradation of excitement dye at 365 nm in image reactor victimization ZnO NPs. This will be our preliminary strive at the Carissa spinarum L. extract on ZnO NPs guidance, and degradation reveals that ZnO NPs showcase clever image-catalytic belongings, and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were created to be operative against Bacillus and Staphylococcus.

Thin films of zinc sulfide (ZnS) with different concentrations of zinc acetate have been made by chemical bath deposition technique in acidic medium (pH = 5) on glass substrate using zinc acetate and sodium sulfide as sources of Zn+2 ion and S−2 ion, respectively, and ethylenediaminetetraacetate as complexing agents and sulfuric acid to adjust pH value at a constant deposition temperature of 85°C, and the deposition time of 90 minutes was used. The effect of the concentration of metallic precursor on the structural, morphological, and optical properties of chemical bath deposited zinc sulfide thin films was investigated in this study. The XRD result confirmed mixed phases of crystalline and amorphous structure dominating other phases, which is witnessed by larger crystallite size than other phases. It reveals that the thin films had hexagonal structure at the medium concentration with preferred orientation along (111) plane, and at lower and higher concentration, it showed that film has an amorphous structure in nature. The crystallinity of all the phases significantly enlarged with increasing the zinc precursor concentration. The SEM micrographs showed high-pitched edged irregular-shaped grains covering the substrate with pinholes and bangs. The optical properties investigated by the UV-VIS spectrometer specified a decrease in the optical bandgap of the films between 3.5 eV and 2.6 eV as the zinc acetate concentration in the solution increased from 0.1 to 0.2 M. It showed that the zinc sulfide had high absorption in the UV radiation. The main finding of this paper is that metallic precursor concentration has a significant role in the optical, morphological, and microstructural properties of the cobalt sulfide thin films, which are most suitable for photovoltaic applications.

Nanotechnology from titanium dioxide has been deposited, and its application in desalination and water treatment has been investigated by using sol-gel methods. Homogeneously dispersed sphere shapes of titanium dioxide nanoparticles were observed from scanning electron microscope micrographs and decrease in size as aging time increases from 40 min to 60 min. SEM micrographs of highly transparent nanopowders show that they are detected in the visible region from UV/visible and that their red shift around maximum wavelength increases with increasing aging time due to an increase in water quality. The energy band gap of the generated nanosheet has narrowed as the aging time has increased, which is related to the red shift of the absorption spectrum edge in the sheet. The structural behaviors of deposited nanoparticles have also been investigated, which confirms the existence of anatase as well as rutile levels in the liquid phase. The findings of the PL allowed us to determine the total strength of the intensity. This shows that applying photodegradation by a solar absorber could play a vital role in desalination and water treatment.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) were prepared by Caricaceae (Papaya) Shell extracts. The Nanoparticles were analyzed by UV–Vis spectrums, X-ray diffractions, and energy-dispersive X-rays spectroscopy analyses with a scanning electron microscope. An antifungal study was carried out for TiO2 NP in contradiction of S. sclerotiorums, R. necatrixs and Fusarium classes that verified a sophisticated inhibitions ratio for S. sclerotiorums (60.5%). Germs of pea were individually preserved with numerous concentrations of TiO2 NPs. An experience of TiO2 NPs (20%, 40%, 80% and 100%), as well as mechanisms that instigated momentous alterations in seed germinations, roots interval, shoot lengths, and antioxidant enzymes, were investigated. Associated with controls, the supreme seeds germinations, roots and plant growth were perceived with the treatments of TiO2 NPs. Super-oxide dis-mutase and catalase activities increased because of TiO2 NPs treatments. This advocates that TiO2 Nanoparticles may considerably change antioxidant metabolisms in seed germinations.

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is an important bulb plant grown worldwide. Proper use of the agronomic practice has undoubtedly contributed to growing crop yields. The right level of any farming practice, like the distance between plants, plant density, date of planting, and time of harvest, can produce the wanted outcomes. Therefore, this research was piloted to evaluate the influence of plant spacing on the development of bulb harvest-related traits of onion varieties in Dambi Dollo University, Western Ethiopia, in 2021. Three onion varieties (Adama red, Monarch, Nafis) and four intra-row spaces (6 cm, 8 cm, 10 cm, and 12 cm) in factorial combinations were settled by a complete randomized block design which was simulated three times. The findings of the study indicate that all the factors related to crop growth and bulb yield of onion varieties were mainly influenced by different kinds and plant spacing. Conversely, the collaboration of these two factors did not affect all other factors, but the interaction of the two factors had a great effect on the days to maturity measured in this study. The highest plant height was registered on the onion planted at a distance of 10 cm (59.83 cm) and 12 cm (59.08 cm) distance between plants. The high commercial yields (34.44 t ha−1) and entire bulb yield (35.40 t ha−1) were found in the Nafis variety. The highest marketable yields (31.12 ha−1) and entire marketable yield (31.78 ha−1) were recorded on an onion plant planted 10 cm between plants. Therefore, in the research area, farmers can use a variety of Nafis and a 10 cm distance between plants to increase their onion production.

This paper investigates the technique of biosynthesis of nanoparticles of zinc oxide from the extraction of moringa leaves. Many researchers recognize the use of this method of green culinary technique because it is cost-effective and has no negative impact on the environment; however, this paper focuses on the bacteria chosen for the green synthesis, which was not addressed by many of the researchers. The firmness and reduction of Zn ions in nanoparticles of zinc oxide were analyzed with a UV-visible spectroscope. Its results show that a wide bandgap was observed in the visible region at a wavelength of 350 nanometers. Extraction of moringa leaves serves as a promising agent for the balance of particle size. The result of medical value shows significant antibacterial activity in contrast to the type of pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. From the XRD results, there are no further peaks that correspond to impurities that are discovered, demonstrating the great purity of the provided results.

Biological approach synthesis and characterization of Iron Sulfide (FeS) thin films from banana peel extract for contamination remediation of environment studied. Iron chloride, Sodium thiosulfate and Ethylene-di-amine-tetra acetate (EDTA) were used as precursor solutions without further purification. The nanoparticle of banana peel was extracted and prepared with synthesized FeS thin films and analyzed by X ray-diffraction for structural examination, Scanning electron microscope (SEM) for surface morphological analysis, Ultra-violet-visible-spectrometer (UV–Vis) and photo-luminescence spectro-photo-meter (P-L) for optical characterizations. XRD peaks are shown with recognized to (110), (200), (310), and (301) crystalline planes. The occurrence of this deflection peak are recognised the FeS crystal segment of the tetragonal crystalline systems. SEM micrographs of the films prepared biological method show the distribution of grains, which cover the surface of the substrate completely and are uniform and films deposited purely have defects. The photo-luminescence, absorbance, and transmittance strength of banana peel extract FeS thin film is greater than pure FeS thin films in which wide-ranging and symmetries groups were perceived. In the present study, the comparison of pure FeS thin films and Nano synthesized banana peel extract with FeS thin films was studied. It is observed that Nano synthesized banana fibre absorbs higher than pure FeS thin films in solar cell application. Finally, green synthesis is an ecofriendly, easy and cheap promising method for the fabrication of thin films for solar cell applications.