Enhanced surveillance of monkeypox in Bas-Uélé, Democratic Republic of Congo: the limitations of symptom-based case definitions

Mande, Gaspard; Akonda, Innocent; Weggheleire, Anja De; Brosius, Isabel; Liesenborghs, Laurens; Bottieau, Emmanuel; Ross, Noam; Gembu, Guy‐Crispin; Colebunders, Robert; Verheyen, Erik; Dauly, Ngonda; Leirs, Herwig; Laudisoit, Anne

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2022.06.060

Cited by 25 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…To control the number of cases and prevent further spread, it is crucial to accurately diagnose MPXV and distinguish confirmed cases from infection with other pathogens that may cause similar clinical symptoms, such as chickenpox, measles, molluscum contagiosum, or some rickettsioses [ 42 , 43 ]. During the national surveillance of monkeypox in the DRC, most suspected cases were in fact chickenpox [ 44 ], which is a common, highly contagious illness caused by Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), belonging to the family, Herpesviridae. Chickenpox is usually a self-limiting disease lasting 4–5 days with fever, malaise, and a generalized vesicular rash of blister-like lesions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Characterization of Recombinase-Based Isothermal Amplification Assays (RPA/RAA) for the Rapid Detection of Monkeypox Virus

Mao

Ying

Sélékon

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV), in which outbreaks mainly occurred in West and Central Africa, with only sporadic spillovers to countries outside Africa due to international travel or close contact with wildlife. During May 2022, multiple countries in Europe, North and South America, Australia, Asia, and Africa reported near-simultaneous outbreaks of MPXV, the first time that patient clusters were reported over such a large geographical area. Cases have no known epidemiological links to MPXV-endemic countries in West or Central Africa. Real-time PCR is currently the gold standard for MPXV diagnostics, but it requires trained laboratory personnel and specialized equipment, and results can only be obtained after several hours. A rapid and simple-to-operate point-of-care diagnostic test for MPXV is crucial for limiting its spread and controlling outbreaks. Here, three recombinase-based isothermal amplification assays (RPA/RAA) for the rapid detection of MPXV isolates were developed. These three assays target the MPXV G2R gene, and the limit of detection for these systems is approximately 100 copies of DNA per reaction. The assays were found to be specific and non-cross reactive against other pox viruses, such as vaccinia virus, and the results can be visualized within 20–30 min. The assays were validated with DNA extracted from 19 clinical samples from suspected or confirmed MPXV patients from Central Africa, and found to be consistent with findings from traditional qPCR. These results provide a solid platform for the early diagnosis of potential MPXV cases, and will help with the control and prevention of current and future outbreaks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Characterization of Recombinase-Based Isothermal Amplification Assays (RPA/RAA) for the Rapid Detection of Monkeypox Virus

Mao

Ying

Sélékon

et al. 2022

Viruses

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“…These skin lesions evolve from macules to papules, vesicles, pustules, and finally, scabs or crusts that fall[ 28 ]. Lesions in MPXV patients appear monomorphic, pea-sized, and complex, similar to smallpox[ 30 ]. The presence of lymphadenopathy in MPXV infection is one of the clinical markers that set it apart from smallpox, along with lesion appearance and limited centrifugal spread[ 31 ].…”

Section: Infection Biology Diagnosis and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monkeypox: An emerging zoonotic pathogen

Beig¹,

Mohammadi²,

Monfared³

et al. 2022

World J Virol

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Monkeypox virus (MPXV), which belongs to the orthopoxvirus genus, causes zoonotic viral disease. This review discusses the biology, epidemiology, and evolution of MPXV infection, particularly cellular, human, and viral factors, virus transmission dynamics, infection, and persistence in nature. This review also describes the role of recombination, gene loss, and gene gain in MPXV evol-vement and the role of signal transduction in MPXV infection and provides an overview of the current access to therapeutic options for the treatment and prevention of MPXV. Finally, this review highlighted gaps in knowledge and proposed future research endeavors to address the unresolved questions.

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“…Oral lesions are common, and can make drinking and eating difficult [44]. Digital pictures and the Internet are 21st-century clinical consultation tools, given the unique presentation of lesions [45]. The significant skin damage raises questions about potential skin infections caused by bacteria, which have been observed to affect 19% of exposed monkeypox patients [46].…”

Section: Monkeypox Virus (Mpxv): Clinical Manifestationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A protracted febrile prodrome (1-2 days if present) is uncommon in varicella, and the fever is usually mild during this time [53]. VZV causes a rash that progresses faster than monkeypox and smallpox, and the lesion appearance varies [45]. Furthermore, although lesions on the palms and/or soles of varicella patients are rare, in the Republic of the Congo, 5 household contacts who were initially thought to have monkeypox infections but tested positive for VZV have also been found to have lesions on their palms and/or soles (ROC) [54,55].…”

Section: Monkeypox Virus (Mpxv): Clinical Manifestationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monkeypox: From Past to Present Outbreak

Jeerapat¹

2022

ijcsrr

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Monkey pox is one of the most rare disease caused by the infection of monkey pox virus; the source of disease still remained unknown. It was discovered in 1958 where there is an outbreak in small-pox like disease. At that time monkey were kept to further analyze. In 1970, the first instance of monkeypox in a human was noted. Monkeypox cases have now been documented in a number of other central and western African nations. Prior to the 2022 outbreak, almost all cases of monkeypox in people outside of Africa were connected to either imported animals or foreign travel to nations where the illness frequently occurs. There are various symptoms that could be diagnosed as the monkey pox. The most common ones are the rash which is identical to pimples of blisters that appear on our face regularly. However, it may spread towards other part of our body including the hands, feet, chest, genitals, or anus. The monkey pox rash has different stages starting from the ones identical to pimples to the burned out. This illness typically last between 2-4 weeks. SInce the monkey pox disease is not as common, researchers is still currently work on discovering the root cause. In the present, there is still not enough resources available.

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Enhanced surveillance of monkeypox in Bas-Uélé, Democratic Republic of Congo: the limitations of symptom-based case definitions

Cited by 25 publications

References 29 publications

Development and Characterization of Recombinase-Based Isothermal Amplification Assays (RPA/RAA) for the Rapid Detection of Monkeypox Virus

Development and Characterization of Recombinase-Based Isothermal Amplification Assays (RPA/RAA) for the Rapid Detection of Monkeypox Virus

Monkeypox: An emerging zoonotic pathogen

Monkeypox: From Past to Present Outbreak

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