Enhanced pyroelectric properties and thermal stability of Mn-doped 0.29Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-0.29Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.42PbTiO3 single crystals

Abstract

The pyroelectric properties and thermal stability of a [001]-oriented tetragonal 1 mol. % Mn-doped 0.29Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-0.29Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.42PbTiO3 [Mn-PIN-PMN-PT(29/29/42)] ternary single crystal were investigated. The single crystal exhibited a high pyroelectric coefficient of p = 6.0 × 10−4 C m−2 K−1 and figures of merit (FOMs) at 1 kHz for a current responsivity of Fi = 2.4 × 10−10 mV−1, a voltage responsivity of Fv = 0.08 m2 C−1, and a detectivity of Fd = 19.8 × 10−5 Pa−1/2 which were weakly dependent on frequency. These all increased linearly upon increasing temperature to 120 °C. Furthermore, the values of p for the ternary single crystal were weakly dependent on thermal annealing temperatures (Ta), maintaining over 75% of the original value at Ta < 160 °C, which was 70 °C higher than that of the [111]-oriented rhombohedral 1 mol. % Mn-doped 0.73Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.27PbTiO3 [Mn-PMN-PT(73/27)] binary single crystal. These excellent pyroelectric properties, together with good thermal stability and wide operational temperature, make the [001]-oriented tetragonal Mn-PIN-PMN-PT(29/29/42) single crystal a promising candidate for pyroelectric detection and thermal imaging applications.

Structures and pyroelectric properties for [111]‐oriented Mn‐doped rhombohedral 0.36PIN‐0.36PMN‐0.28PT crystal

“…The values of ε r and tan δ were 505 and 0.0003 at room temperature for this R ternary crystal, which are lower than those for that R 0.73PMN-0.27PT binary crystal with ε r = 721 and tan δ = 0.0007. 12 Furthermore, the values increased near linearly with increasing temperature to 120°C, which was 45°C higher than that for the binary one. 12 The crystal exhibited a dominate dielectric peak near 175°C, which corresponds to a T C that is 50°C higher than that of the binary system.…”

“…FOMs are determined based on the values of p and C v , as well as ε r and tan δ at f = 100 Hz. The value of C v = 2.5 × 10 6 J m −3 K −1 is taken from reference [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]…”

“…To further investigate the thermal stability of the single crystals that may limits their operational temperature range as IR detection elements, the room-temperature pyroelectric coefficient, relative permittivity, and loss tangent for the [111]oriented rhombohedral Mn-0.36PIN-0.36PMN-0.28PT ternary crystal was measured after various thermal treatment cycles, as shown in Figure 5 binary single crystal and [001]-oriented tetragonal Mn-0.29PIN-0.29PMN-0.42PT ternary one are also list for comparison. 12 The values of p for the [111]-oriented rhombohedral ternary single crystal were weekly dependent on annealing temperature (T a ), maintaining over 83% of the original value at T a < 120°C, which was 35°C higher than that of the counterpart binary one. 12 Moreover, the values went up by about 45% compared to the [001]-oriented tetragonal ternary one, and kept comparable good thermal stability.…”

“…12 The values of p for the [111]-oriented rhombohedral ternary single crystal were weekly dependent on annealing temperature (T a ), maintaining over 83% of the original value at T a < 120°C, which was 35°C higher than that of the counterpart binary one. 12 Moreover, the values went up by about 45% compared to the [001]-oriented tetragonal ternary one, and kept comparable good thermal stability. 12 On the other hand, ε r and tan δ increased slowly at T < 120°C, and then increased more sharply near the structural transition temperatures.…”

“…12 The crystal exhibited a dominate dielectric peak near 175°C, which corresponds to a T C that is 50°C higher than that of the binary system. 12 In addition, another two dielectric anomalies were found near 130 and 140°C, corresponding to the R → T transition T rt and depolarization T d temperatures, respectively, consistent with the Raman data. Dielectric relaxation typical of relaxor ferroelectrics was founded near T rt , T d , and T C , which was due to thermal fluctuations in polar microregions.…”