Enhanced jump performance when providing augmented feedback compared to an external or internal focus of attention

Keller, Martin B.; Lauber, Benedikt; Gottschalk, Marius; Taube, Wolfgang

doi:10.1080/02640414.2014.984241

Cited by 29 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…To our knowledge, the combination of aF and EF has never been tested before, although it is well known that both conditions are well suited to immediately enhance performance (19,35). With respect to jumping, a recent study has compared the effects of aF and EF (16). The authors demonstrated that both conditions increased performance compared with an internal focus of attention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maximizing Performance

Wälchli

Ruffieux

Bourquin

et al. 2016

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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PurposeDifferent approaches like providing augmented feedback (aF), applying an external focus of attention (EF), or rewarding participants with money (RE) have been shown to instantly enhance motor performance. So far, these approaches have been tested either in separate studies or directly against each other. However, there is no study that combined aF, EF, and/or RE to test whether this provokes additional benefits. The aim of the present study was therefore to identify the most powerful combination.MethodsEighteen participants performed maximal countermovement jumps in six different conditions: neutral (NE), aF, RE, aF + EF, aF + RE, and aF + EF + RE.ResultsParticipants demonstrated the highest jump heights with aF + EF, followed by aF + EF + RE, aF + RE, aF, RE, and finally, NE. Activity of the M. rectus femoris differed significantly between conditions resulting in lower muscular activity in aF + EF and aF + EF + RE compared with NE. All other parameters, such as ground reaction forces and joint angles, were comparable across conditions.ConclusionsThis is the first study showing superior performance when combining aF with EF. As reduced muscular activity was found only in conditions with EF, it is argued in line with the constrained action hypothesis that adopting an EF improves movement efficiency. In contrast, aF seems to rather enhance (intrinsic) motivation. However, monetary reward did not further amplify performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With respect to jumping, several studies have demonstrated superior performance (27,34,38) and reduced muscular activity (36) with EF compared with IF or NE. Recently, the effects of IF, EF, and aF on jump performance have been compared (16). In line with previous observations, EF resulted in better jump heights than IF.…”

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confidence: 99%

Maximizing Performance

Wälchli

Ruffieux

Bourquin

et al. 2016

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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“…In skilled action learning, participants who allocate attention to monitor their movement outcomes usually perform better than those who attend to the movement itself (Keller, Lauber, Gottschalk & Taube, 2015; for a review see Gray, 2011). Generally, in these studies participants are provided with augmented feedback and encouraged to use this information to improve their movement performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, in these studies participants are provided with augmented feedback and encouraged to use this information to improve their movement performance. Augmented feedback refers to extrinsic information about movement performance (such as a visual re-play of a movement) and is used for error correction and to guide and improve future actions (Lauber & Keller, 2014;Schmidt & Lee, 2011;Keller, Lauber, Gottschalk & Taube, 2015). Augmented feedback that provides more information than intrinsic task information alone has been found to accelerate skill acquisition, as it provides participants with information they can use to optimize their performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shared attention for action selection and action monitoring in goal-directed reaching

Mahon

Bendžiūtė

Hesse

et al. 2018

Psychological Research

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Dual-task studies have shown higher sensitivity for stimuli presented at the targets of upcoming actions. We examined whether attention is directed to action targets for the purpose of action selection, or if attention is directed to these locations because they are expected to provide feedback about movement outcomes. In our experiment, endpoint accuracy feedback was spatially separated from the action targets to determine whether attention would be allocated to (a) the action targets, (b) the expected source of feedback, or (c) to both locations. Participants reached towards a location indicated by an arrow while identifying a discrimination target that could appear in any one of eight possible locations. Discrimination target accuracy was used as a measure of attention allocation. Participants were unable to see their hand during reaching and were provided with a small monetary reward for each accurate movement. Discrimination target accuracy was best at action targets but was also enhanced at the spatially separated feedback locations. Separating feedback from the reaching targets did not diminish discrimination accuracy at the movement targets but did result in delayed movement initiation and reduced reaching accuracy, relative to when feedback was presented at the reaching target. The results suggest attention is required for both action planning and monitoring movement outcomes. Dividing attention between these functions negatively impacts action performance.

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“…, Keller et al . , Wälchli et al . ), force production (Wulf & Dufek , Marchant ), movement speed (Fasoli et al .…”

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confidence: 97%

Adopting an external focus of attention alters intracortical inhibition within the primary motor cortex

et al. 2016

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AimAlthough it is well established that an external (EF) compared to an internal (IF) or neutral focus of attention enhances motor performance, little is known about the underlying neural mechanisms. This study aimed to clarify whether the focus of attention influences not only motor performance but also activity of the primary motor cortex (M1) when executing identical fatiguing tasks of the right index finger (first dorsal interosseous). Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) at intensities below motor threshold was applied over M1 to assess and compare the excitability of intracortical inhibitory circuits.MethodsIn session 1, 14 subjects performed an isometric finger abduction at 30% of their maximal force to measure the time to task failure (TTF) with either an IF or EF. In session 2, the same task was performed with the other focus. In sessions 3 and 4, subthreshold TMS (subTMS) and paired‐pulse TMS were applied to the contralateral M1 to compare the activity of cortical inhibitory circuits within M1 during EF and IF.ResultsWith an EF, TTF was significantly prolonged (P = 0.01), subTMS‐induced electromyographical suppression enhanced (P = 0.001) and short‐interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) increased (P = 0.004).ConclusionThe level of intracortical inhibition was previously shown to influence motor performance. Our data shed new light on the ability to instantly modulate the activity of inhibitory circuits within M1 by changing the type of attentional focus. The increased inhibition with EF might contribute to the better movement efficiency, which is generally associated with focusing externally.

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Enhanced jump performance when providing augmented feedback compared to an external or internal focus of attention

Cited by 29 publications

References 24 publications

Maximizing Performance

Maximizing Performance

Shared attention for action selection and action monitoring in goal-directed reaching

Adopting an external focus of attention alters intracortical inhibition within the primary motor cortex

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