Enhanced four-wave mixing with MoS₂ on a silicon waveguide

Abstract

MoS 2 is a layered quasi-2D material that can enhance effective third-order optical nonlinearity of waveguides. In this paper, we measured the optical loss of MoS 2 on silicon waveguides and compared the conversion efficiencies of four-wave mixing (FWM) in silicon waveguides with and without MoS 2 on the top cladding. Hybrid integration of the few-layer MoS 2 produced about 4 dB enhancement in the idler output of FWM. The Kerr coefficient of MoS 2 was obtained as (2.7±0.2)×10 −16 m 2 W −1 . The refractive index of MoS 2 was obtained from the characteristics of grating couplers.

Design of silicon waveguides with integrated graphene oxide films for nonlinear optics

“…Design of silicon waveguides with integrated graphene oxide films for nonlinear optics Yuning Zhang, Jiayang Wu, Member, IEEE, Yang Qu, Linnan Jia, Baohua Jia, Fellow, OSA and David J. Moss, Fellow, IEEE, Fellow, OSA T To overcome these limitations, two-dimensional (2D) materials that exhibit an ultrahigh optical nonlinearity, such as graphene [80,81], graphene oxide (GO) [82,83], black phosphorus [84,85], and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) [86,87], have been integrated onto chips to enhance the nonlinear optical performance. Amongst the different 2D materials, GO has become highly promising due to its ease of preparation as well as the flexibility in tuning its material properties [88][89][90][91][92][93][94].…”

Scalable Functionalization of Optical Fibers Using Atomically Thin Semiconductors

“…Previous attempts to fabricate 2DFWG rely on mechanical transfer of exfoliated TMDs onto the waveguides or optical fibers. [ 10–14 ] However, this approach is prone to induce uncontrollable stress fields and lacks reproducibility and scalability. Thus, such methods are hardly suitable for future large‐scale integration.…”

“…[ 32 ] For third order processes this is quantified by the nonlinear refractive index n 2 with a reported value of for TMDs transferred on waveguides. [ 14 ] It is almost four orders of magnitude larger than that of silica, although lower values have been reported on planar substrates. [ 18 ] Thus, a TMD coating may have a substantial contribution to nonlinear effects in ECFs, although less than 10 −4 of the power flow of the FM is localized in the TMD at any wavelength (see Figure S6e, Supporting Information).…”

Enhancing light‐matter interaction in 2D materials by optical micro/nano architectures for high‐performance optoelectronic devices

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“…Third, conventional lattice matching is not required in van der Waals heterostructures composed of 2D materials while excellent electronic transport properties remain at the interface 2,4 . As a result, atomically thin‐layered 2D materials can be integrated with many other materials and structures 23‐38 . However, because of their 2D nature, the light‐matter interaction length in 2D materials is much shorter than that in the bulk counterparts, which inherently limits the performance of the devices that use 2D active materials.…”