Enhancing light‐matter interaction in 2D materials by optical micro/nano architectures for high‐performance optoelectronic devices

Abstract

Two-dimensional materials are a promising solution for next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices due to their unique properties. Owing to the atomic thickness of 2D materials, the light-matter interaction length in 2D materials is much shorter than that in bulk materials, which limits the performance of optoelectronic devices composed of 2D materials. To improve the light-matter interactions, optical micro/nano architectures have been introduced into 2D material optoelectronic devices. In this review, we present a concise introduction and discussion of various strategies for the enhancement of lightmatter interaction in 2D materials, namely, the plasmonic effect, waveguide, optical cavity, and reflection architecture. We have outlined the current advances in high-performance 2D material optoelectronic devices (eg, photodetectors, electrooptic modulators, light-emitting diodes, and molecular sensors) assisted by these enhancement strategies. Finally, we have discussed the future challenges and opportunities of micro/nano photonic structure designs in 2D material devices.

Integration of Colloidal Quantum Dots with Photonic Structures for Optoelectronic and Optical Devices

“…There have been extensive research efforts in integrating photonic structures with low‐temperature processed semiconductors, such as organic semiconductors, [ 1 ] colloidal quantum dots (QDs), [ 2 , 3 , 4 ] organohalide perovskites, [ 5 , 6 , 7 ] and 2D materials, [ 8 ] aiming at achieving high‐performance optoelectronic or optical devices with tunable functions and low fabrication cost. Among the semiconductors, colloidal QD is a particularly promising material family for interaction with photonic structures due to its high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield, [ 9 ] widely tunable bandgap from ultraviolet (UV) to far‐wave infrared (IR), [ 10 ] great photostability, [ 3 ] and large surface‐to‐volume ratio that allows for various interface modification and functionalization.…”

Mechanism, Material, Design, and Implementation Principle of Two-Dimensional Material Photodetectors

“…Many approaches, such as the construction of metal/2D structures, vdWs heterostructures, hybrid structures, and optical architectures, are useful for improving device performance (Figure 7a) [119,120]. In terms of optical architecture (cavities, waveguides, and plasmonics) integration, the plasmon structure enhances light absorption in 2D materials by enhancing local electromagnetic fields and subwavelength scattering, thereby enhancing the coupling of 2D materials with light.…”

Recent progress in terahertz modulation using photonic structures based on two‐dimensional materials

“…82 Due to the atomic-scale thickness of the 2D materials, the modulation depth of the 2D-based modulators is limited by the short lightmatter interaction length. 25 To this end, various structural designs have been proposed, such as employing structures with optical cavities, capacitor, and reflection architecture. For instance, a stereo graphene-microfiber structure was constructed, which enabled a sufficient light-graphene interaction length, thus a modulation depth of 7.5 dB was obtained.…”

“…Exceptional physical properties (i.e., high mobility, mechanical flexibility, nonlinear optical response, and bandgap tunability) combined with the versatility of operation, may enable the 2D materials to modulate THz waves with superior performance and unleash the potentials of THz optoelectronic. 25,26 In this review, we discussed the progress of 2D-materials-based THz modulators with the frame shown in Figure 1. A brief overview of the fundamental properties of 2D materials, including graphene, TMDCs, and BP, is presented.…”