ENHANCED DISEASE RESISTANCE4 Associates with CLATHRIN HEAVY CHAIN2 and Modulates Plant Immunity by Regulating Relocation of EDR1 in Arabidopsis

Wu, Guangheng; Liu, Simu; Zhao, Yaofei; Wang, Wei; Kong, Zhaosheng; Tang, Dingzhong

doi:10.1105/tpc.114.134668

Cited by 72 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Sol encodes a homolog of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ENHANCED DISEASE RESISTANCE4 (EDR4). EDR4 binds to EDR1, a MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K), and localizes it to the site of hyphal penetration pegs (Wu et al, 2015). Like EDR4, Sol is transcriptionally expressed in response to treatment with pathogen-associated molecule patterns (PAMPs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Second Site Modifier, Sympathy for the ligule, Encodes a Homolog of Arabidopsis ENHANCED DISEASE RESISTANCE4 and Rescues the Liguleless narrow Maize Mutant

et al. 2019

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Liguleless narrow1 encodes a plasma membrane-localized receptor-like kinase required for normal development of maize (Zea mays) leaves, internodes, and inflorescences. The semidominant Lgn-R mutation lacks kinase activity, and phenotypic severity is dependent on inbred background. We created near isogenic lines and assayed the phenotype in multiple environments. Lgn-R plants that carry the B73 version of Sympathy for the ligule (Sol-B) fail to grow under hot conditions, but those that carry the Mo17 version (Sol-M) survive at hot temperatures and are significantly taller at cool temperatures. To identify Sol, we used recombinant mapping and analyzed the Lgn-R phenotype in additional inbred backgrounds. We identified amino acid sequence variations in GRMZM2G075262 that segregate with severity of the Lgn-R phenotypes. This gene is expressed at high levels in Lgn-R B73, but expression drops to nonmutant levels with one copy of Sol-M. An EMS mutation solidified the identity of SOL as a maize homolog of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ENHANCED DISEASE RESISTANCE4 (EDR4). SOL, like EDR4, is induced in response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns such as flg22. Integrated transcriptomic and phosphoproteomic analyses suggest that Lgn-R plants constitutively activate an immune signaling cascade that induces temperature-sensitive responses in addition to defects in leaf development. We propose that aspects of the severe Lgn-R developmental phenotype result from constitutive defense induction and that SOL potentially functions in repressing this response in Mo17 but not B73. Identification of LGN and its interaction with SOL provides insight into the integration of developmental control and immune responses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Second Site Modifier, Sympathy for the ligule, Encodes a Homolog of Arabidopsis ENHANCED DISEASE RESISTANCE4 and Rescues the Liguleless narrow Maize Mutant

et al. 2019

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“…S8E), demonstrating that CHC2 is specifically required for flg22-induced callose deposition. Interestingly, chc2 mutants exhibited enhanced callose deposition on infection with the Erysiphe cichoracearum fungal pathogen (35), which could involve aspects of effector-triggered immunity. The finding that flg22-induced callose deposition is inhibited in chc2 mutants contrasts with the WT-like and increased callose deposition in flg22-treated vps37-1 and drp2b mutants, respectively (10,28); however, both vps37-1 and drp2b exhibited mildly reduced FLS2 endocytosis.…”

Section: Clathrin Is Involved In Prr-mediated Callose Deposition and mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clathrin-dependent endocytosis is required for immunity mediated by pattern recognition receptor kinases

Mbengue

Bourdais

Gervasi

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

176

213

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Sensing of potential pathogenic bacteria is of critical importance for immunity. In plants, this involves plasma membrane-resident pattern recognition receptors, one of which is the FLAGELLIN SENSING 2 (FLS2) receptor kinase. Ligand-activated FLS2 receptors are internalized into endosomes. However, the extent to which these spatiotemporal dynamics are generally present among pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and their regulation remain elusive. Using live-cell imaging, we show that at least three other receptor kinases associated with plant immunity, PEP RECEPTOR 1/2 (PEPR1/2) and EF-TU RECEPTOR (EFR), internalize in a ligand-specific manner. In all cases, endocytosis requires the coreceptor BRI1-ASSOCIATED KINASE 1 (BAK1), and thus depends on receptor activation status. We also show the internalization of liganded FLS2, suggesting the transport of signaling competent receptors. Trafficking of activated PRRs requires clathrin and converges onto the same endosomal vesicles that are also shared with the hormone receptor BRASSINOSTERIOD INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1). Importantly, clathrin-dependent endocytosis participates in plant defense against bacterial infection involving FLS2-mediated stomatal closure and callose deposition, but is uncoupled from activation of the flagellin-induced oxidative burst and MAP kinase signaling. In conclusion, immunity mediated by pattern recognition receptors depends on clathrin, a critical component for the endocytosis of signaling competent receptors into a common endosomal pathway.pattern-triggered immunity | clathrin | FLS2 | PEPR1 | EFR

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“…In Arabidopsis, the MAPK cascade signalling module MEKK1-MKK4/ MKK5-MPK3/MPK6 is proposed to be activated in the interaction with flg22 treatment [27]. EDR1, a member of the Raf subfamily, is responsible for salicylic acidinduced powdery mildew attack [28]. In tomato, MAPKKKε and MAPKKKα play important roles in cell death signalling associated with plant immunity [29,30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide identification of MAPKKK genes and their responses to phytoplasma infection in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)

et al. 2020

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Background: Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play vital roles in signal transduction in response to a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses. In a previous study, we identified ten ZjMAPKs and five ZjMAPKKs in the Chinese jujube genome. We found that some members of ZjMAPKs and ZjMAPKKs may play key roles in the plant's response to phytoplasma infection. However, how these ZjMAPKKs are modulated by ZjMAPKKKs during the response process has not been elucidated. Little information is available regarding MAPKKKs in Chinese jujube.Results: A total of 56 ZjMAPKKKs were identified in the jujube genome. All of these kinases contain the key S-TKc (serine/threonine protein kinase) domain, which is distributed among all 12 chromosomes. Phylogenetic analyses show that these ZjMAPKKKs can be classified into two subfamilies. Specifically, 41 ZjMAPKKKs belong to the Raf subfamily, and 15 belong to the MEKK subfamily. In addition, the ZjMAPKKKs in each subfamily share the same conserved motifs and gene structures. Only one pair of ZjMAPKKKs (15/16, on chromosome 5) was found to be tandemly duplicated. Using qPCR, the expression profiles of these MAPKKKs were investigated in response to infection with phytoplasma. In the three main infected tissues (witches' broom leaves, phyllody leaves, and apparently normal leaves), ZjMAPKKK26 and − 45 were significantly upregulated, and ZjMAPKKK3, − 43 and − 50 were significantly downregulated. ZjMAPKKK4, − 10, − 25 and − 44 were significantly and highly induced in sterile cultivated tissues infected by phytoplasma, while ZjMAPKKK6, − 7, − 17, − 18, − 30, − 34, − 35, − 37, − 40, − 41, − 43, − 46, − 52 and − 53 were significantly downregulated.Conclusions: For the first time, we present an identification and classification analysis of ZjMAPKKKs. Some ZjMAPKKK genes may play key roles in the response to phytoplasma infection. This study provides an initial understanding of the mechanisms through which ZjMAPKKKs are involved in the response of Chinese jujube to phytoplasma infection.

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ENHANCED DISEASE RESISTANCE4 Associates with CLATHRIN HEAVY CHAIN2 and Modulates Plant Immunity by Regulating Relocation of EDR1 in Arabidopsis

Cited by 72 publications

References 75 publications

The Second Site Modifier, Sympathy for the ligule, Encodes a Homolog of Arabidopsis ENHANCED DISEASE RESISTANCE4 and Rescues the Liguleless narrow Maize Mutant

The Second Site Modifier, Sympathy for the ligule, Encodes a Homolog of Arabidopsis ENHANCED DISEASE RESISTANCE4 and Rescues the Liguleless narrow Maize Mutant

Clathrin-dependent endocytosis is required for immunity mediated by pattern recognition receptor kinases

Genome-wide identification of MAPKKK genes and their responses to phytoplasma infection in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)

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