Enhanced Densification of In2O3 Ceramics by Presintering with Low Pressure (5 MPa)

Abstract

Sintering of In 2 O 3 has been carried out in air to full density. Because of the difference in densification between the agglomerates and the matrix, large interagglomerate pores were observed to form at the initial stage of sintering. Such pore formation could be prevented by applying a small external pressure which resulted in the beneficial rearrangement of agglomerates.

Prevention of tapering in the tube-shaped sputtering target via initial heat treatment under external pressure

“…Therefore, the densification was terminated in this study when d b and d t reached similar values. The recovery of the sintering potential by the two-step sintering has been observed for various materials [7][8][9][10]16,17]. The two-step sintering process has also been shown to reduce the sintering temperature and contribute to the densification of volatile materials [8].…”

“…However, few reports are available that document a sintering approach. The two-step sintering process has been introduced for the sintering of various materials to increase the sinterability of the aggregated materials [7], volatile materials [8] or reducing the sintering temperature [9]. The two-step sintering process involves an initial heat treatment (IHT) under pressure and a final pressureless sintering.…”

Application of spark plasma sintering for growing dense Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–35 mol% PbTiO3 single crystal by solid-state crystal growth

“…The average grain size and density were measured to be 21.3 μm and 7.22 g/cm 3 (88.8% of the TD), respectively. Such a low density can be due to the high PbO vapor pressure, pore coalescence during sintering [16] and powder agglomeration [17,18]. Hereafter, this specimen is referred to as the N-specimen.…”

Sintering of Transparent Conductive Oxides: From Oxide Ceramic Powders to Advanced Optoelectronic Materials

“…In (Son & Kim, 1998) it was found, that the agglomerated green structure was transformed in a homogeneous polycrystalline microstructure at temperatures above 1070 °C and the agglomerates showes increased densification rates compared to the surrounding matrix leading to pore formation, so called interagglomerate pores, inbetween the matrix and the densified microstructure regimes. These pore formations could be effectively prevented by pressure assisted sintering and rearrangement of densified areas and by moving the pores to the surface area.…”

“…Based on the findings of Son (Son & Kim, 1998) it was shown that pressure assisted presintering of In 2 O 3 at 5 MPa could increase the densification rate significantly. Dilatometer experiments have proven that maximum densification rates were achieved at 1130 °C and the pressure was increased for another 5 MPa at this temperature.…”